2000-2013年中国梅毒流行特征与趋势分析  

Syphilis in China from 2000 to 2013： epidemiological trends and characteristics

作　　者：龚向东[1] 岳晓丽[1] 滕菲[1] 蒋宁[1] 门佩璇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院皮肤病研究所、中国疾病预防控制中心性病控制中心,南京210042

出　　处：《中华皮肤科杂志》2014年第5期310-315,共6页Chinese Journal of Dermatology

摘　　要：目的了解中国梅毒流行特征及趋势，为制定控制对策提供依据。方法对20013-2013年31个省、自治区和直辖市报告的梅毒病例资料进行流行病学分析。结果梅毒报告发病率由2000年6．43／10万增至2013年32．86／10万，年均增长13．37％。除少数边远山区外，99％县区均有梅毒病例报告，但不同地区梅毒发病差异很大。高发地区主要为西北地区（新疆、青海、宁夏）、闽江地区、长江三角洲（浙江、上海）、珠江三角洲（广西、广东）等。既往梅毒报告发病较低的地区（如贵州、陕西、河南等）近年出现较快增长。报告病例数女性多于男性，男女性别比平均为0．92：1。20～39岁为高发年龄段，但〉60岁各年龄组增幅〉30％。在20种职业中，报告病例以农民最多，占31．56％，离退休人员增幅最大（年均增长27．35％）。一期与二期梅毒所占构成比逐年减少，隐性梅毒增长〉50％。结论梅毒已成为重要的公共卫生问题之一，需要根据梅毒流行特点采取有效的控制措施。Objective To investigate the trends in and characteristics of syphilis epidemiology in China, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of control strategies. Methods An epidemiological study was performed on syphilis cases reported from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities between 2000 and 2013. Results The reported syphilis incidence increased yearly from 6.43 per 100 000 person-years in 2000 to 32.86 per 100 000 person-years in 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 13.37%. Syphilis was reported in most （99%） counties/districts in China mainland except for a few remote mountain areas, with a significant difference in the incidence of syphilis between different regions. The regions with a high incidence of syphilis included minority areas in Northwest China （Xinjiang, Qinghai and Ningxia）, Minjiang River area, Yangtze River Delta （Zhejiang, Shanghai）, Zhujiang River Delta （Guangxi, Guangdong）, etc. There had been a rapid increase in the incidence of syphilis in some regions previously reported to have a low incidence （such as Guizhou, Shaanxi, Henan, etc）. Among the reported cases, female patients predominated with an average male/female ratio of 0.92 ： 1. The incidence of syphilis was highest in the age group of 20 - 39 years, but increased yearly by more than 30% in the population aged 〉 60 years. Of 20 occupations, peasant workers accounted for the highest proportion （31.56%） of syphilis cases, and retired population showed the most rapid increase by about 27.35% per year. The constituent ratio of primary and secondary syphilis in all the syphilis cases had declined yearly, while that of latent syphilis increased by more than 50% after 2010. Conclusions Syphilis remains a major public health issue in China, and measures based on the epidemiological features are urgently needed to effectively control epidemic syphilis.

关 键 词：梅毒 流行病学 数据收集 

分 类 号：R759.1[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]