磁性矿物在成土过程中的生成转化机制及其气候意义  

THE PRODUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF MAGNETIC MINERALS DURING PEDOGENESIS AND ITS PALEOCLIMATE SIGNIFICANCE

作　　者：胡鹏翔[1,2] 刘青松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,特提斯研究中心,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2014年第3期458-473,共16页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41374073和41025013);国家留学基金委员会国家建设高水平大学公派留学生项目(批准号:留金发[2013]3009)共同资助

摘　　要：土壤作为重要的地球表层生态系统记录了丰富的地质和环境信息。在土壤的形成和发育过程中,其所含磁性矿物也会随之改变。因此,土壤磁性与成土时期的气候环境信息相关,进而可用于重建古环境。然而,土壤的磁学性质由磁性矿物种类、含量和粒径等多参数控制。明确磁性矿物在成土过程中的生成和转化机制及其与环境因子之间的响应关系、减少解释的不确定性,是土壤环境磁学研究的理论基础。本文综述了磁性矿物成土机制及其与环境因子之间响应关系的研究进展,并对该领域的发展方向进行了讨论。Being the crucial surface ecosystem of the earth, soils are unique achieves of geology and environmental change. During soilforming processes, magnetic minerals are produced, transformed and finally preserved. Therefore, soil magnetism is sensitive to past environment change and can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate. However, the magnetism of soil is the comprehensive reflection of type, concentration and grain size of magnetic minerals from different origins. As a result, the foundation of soil environmental magnetism study is to clarify the production and transformation mechanism of different magnetic minerals and their relationship with environmental factors. In this review, we first summarize the production and dissolution mechanism of magnetic minerals in soils. Generally, it is well accepted that transformation of hydrous ferric oxide to ferrimagnetic minerals through abiotic reactions dominates the production of secondary ferrimagnetic minerals. The contribution of biogenic magnetic minerals is still in debate. Magnetic minerals can also be dissolved/destroyed during pedogenesis, when pedogenie environment is wet/cold, hot/humid or with abundant organic matter. Then, the influence of soilforming factors （ including parent material, topography and drainage, organism and vegetation, time, climate） on soil magnetism is overviewed. The relationship between precipitation and soil magnetic properties attracts the most attention. Various elimofunetions are established to reconstruct paleorainfall using magnetic parameters. Recent studies suggest that the soil water balance rather than precipitation dominants the formation of pedogenic magnetite. Nevertheless, all soil-forming factors interact with each other and jointly influence the formation and transformation of magnetic minerals. Finally, the existing problems and potential directions are briefly discussed.

关 键 词：磁性矿物 环境磁学 成土过程 

分 类 号：P574.19[天文地球—矿物学]