伊斯兰的国际体系观——传统理念、当代体现及现实困境  

The Islamic Outlooks on International System:Traditional Ideas,Contemporary Representation,and Realistic Dilemmas

作　　者：刘中民[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2014年第5期4-32,156,共29页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：2008年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"当代中东国际关系中的伊斯兰因素研究"(项目编号:08JJDGJW256);2010年上海市哲学社会科学规划课题"中国热点外交的理论与案例研究"(项目编号:2010BGJ002)的阶段性成果;上海市政治学一流学科建设项目;国家211工程建设项目资助

摘　　要：作者主要从伊斯兰传统政治理念出发,论述了伊斯兰国际体系观的内容及其现实困境,力求相对客观地理解伊斯兰与国际体系的关系。首先,伊斯兰的宗教共同体(乌玛)观念将超民族、超地域、超国家的"乌玛"作为政治共同体的理想原型,导致当代各种伊斯兰思潮均以重建"乌玛"为政治理想,并使伊斯兰世界的民族国家建构深受宗教认同与民族认同矛盾的困扰,而民族国家体系的形成和伊斯兰世界分裂的现实使重建乌玛注定成为无法实现的乌托邦。其次,传统伊斯兰文化的真主主权观念,被当代伊斯兰主义发展成为反对国家主权的"伊斯兰国家"理论,并诉诸实行伊斯兰教法、重建政教合一伊斯兰国家的政治实践,导致伊斯兰国家宗教与世俗的矛盾冲突并破坏国家政治稳定,同时也加剧了伊斯兰国家与现行国际体系的矛盾。最后,崇尚和平、平等、中正构成了伊斯兰教的核心价值观,但伊斯兰的传统"圣战"观对后世影响至深,它在民族解放运动时期的运用具有其正当性,但宗教极端主义对圣战的扭曲和滥用,既加剧了伊斯兰国家和地区的内部冲突,也加剧了伊斯兰世界与西方的对抗,并为西方妖魔化伊斯兰教攫供了口实。伊斯兰与现行国际体系关系的调整是影响国际体系转型的重要因素,伊斯兰世界和国际社会应共同努力,最终实现伊斯兰与国际体系和谐共处。By probing the contents of Islamic outlooks on international system and its realistic dilemmas,this paper tries to objectively understand the relations between Islam and international system.Firstly,the political culture of Islam leads to the results that reestablishing Ummah became political ideal of all kinds of contemporary Islamic thoughts,and that the nation-state building in Islamic world was perplexed by the contradiction between national identity and religious identity.However,the formation of Muslim nation-state system and the division of the Islamic world made it impossible to rebuild Ummah.Secondly,contemporary Islamism puts forward the theory of 'the Islamic State' based on the conception of the sovereignty of the Allah in traditional Islamic culture,and its fundamental goal is to reestablish the Islamic state to implement Islamic law(sharia) and integrate politics and religion.This kind of political practice aggravated the conflicts between religion and secularity,and destroyed political stability of Muslim countries.In the meantime,the relations between Islamic countries and international system became incompatible.Lastly,although emphasizing peace,equality and moderateness is the core values of Islam,the tradition of Jihad had had important and profound influence on the history of Islam.But the distorting and abusing of Jihad by religious extremism not only exacerbated internal conflicts in Islamic countries and region,but also intensified the confrontation between the West and Islamic world,and provided excuse for the West to defame Islam.It is an important task to for Islamic world and international community to work together to promote the harmonious coexistence between Islam and international system.

关 键 词：伊斯兰 国际体系 宗教共同体观念 真主主权观 圣战观 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] B96[政治法律—政治学]