宁夏灌区玉米大斑病的发生与防治技术研究  

STUDIES ON THE OCCURRENCE AND CONTROL OF NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT OF CORN IN NINGXIA IRRIGATION REGION

作　　者：李文强[1] 贺达汉[1] 杨子强 韩吉军 王自荣 赵月霞 吴建龙 姚金宝 董学礼[5] 段心宁[5] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农学院,宁夏永宁750105 [2]吴忠市农科所,吴忠751100 [3]中宁县农技推广中心,中宁751200 [4]银川市农技推广中心,银川750001 [5]贺兰县农技推广中心,贺兰750200

出　　处：《宁夏农学院学报》2001年第1期8-14,共7页Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College

基　　金：自治区科技攻关项目;国家自然科学基金项目

摘　　要：宁夏引黄灌区玉米大斑病发生严重 ,本文针对宁夏灌区玉米大斑病的越冬菌源、侵染循环、发病条件以及不同玉米品种的抗病性等进行了系统性调查与研究。结果表明 :在宁夏引黄灌区大斑病以菌丝在田间和秸杆垛的病残体上越冬 ,病残体 5月上旬开始产孢 ,产孢期 30天以上。田间初次发病时间是 6月上旬 ,7月上旬～ 8月下旬是病害的快速增长期 ,此期的降雨量大小是影响病害发生程度的关键因素。宁夏现行大面积种植掖单 13号玉米品种和麦套玉米的耕作方式十分有利于病害的流行 ,稻旱轮作和早期摘除玉米底部病叶对病害的发生发展具有一定的抑制作用。在病害严重发生年份 ,可在 7月上中旬至 8月上旬 ,以 75%百菌清 50 0 6 0 0倍液、50 %甲基托布津50 0倍液、6 5%代森锰锌 6 0 0倍液和 50 %扑海因 10 0 0倍液等喷雾防治 1～ 2次 ,防治效果可达 80 %以上。The northern leaf blight of corn is an important disease which damaged to corn in Ningxia irrigation region. Several biologic characters, that is, over wintering fungi source of inoculums, law of occurrence and developmnet, resistance of maize varities and chemical control on the disease, were systematically investigated and studied. In the region, the fungi life on maize residues in fields and in the straw stacks through winter are the primary resources of infection. Sporulation starts in the first ten days of May and last over 30 days. The disease in fields first come on in the first ten days of June, and rapidly increases during the first ten days of July to the third ten days of August. In the period rainfall is the key factor that affect the disease occurrence. The cultivation methods of interplanting maize with wheat and the main cultivar, Yedan 13, being carried out in Ningxia, result in heavy disease incidence. Some cultural methods, such as, rotation of rice and maize, picking diseased leaves in the bottom of maize plants at the early stage have advantage to control the disease. Spraying with 75% chlorothalonil WP,65% mancozeb WP, 50% thiophanate-methul WP and 50% iprodione WP can attain good control effects of about 80%. It is an optimum application time that the first or second ten days of July to the first ten days of August.

关 键 词：玉米 大斑病 发病规律 流行特点 化学防治 宁夏灌区 

分 类 号：S435.131.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]