我国40个小麦品种抗叶锈性研究  

LEAF RUST RESISTANCE OF 40 WHEAT CULTIVARS IN CHINA

作　　者：陈万权[1] 秦庆明[1] 陈扬林[1] 吴支行[1] 马志强[2] 廖琴[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100026

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2001年第1期16-25,共10页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

摘　　要：选用 11个具不同毒性基因组合的叶锈菌致病类型推导分析了 1998~ 1999年度国家小麦区域试验 4 0个品种所携带的抗叶锈病基因状况。在供试的 39个已知抗叶锈基因 (或基因组合 )中 ,推导出L r1、L r2 c、L r3bg、Lr10、L r13、L r14a、L r16、L r2 3、Lr2 6、L r32等 10个抗叶锈基因 ,分布在 2 4个品种中 ,有 11个品种携带未知抗叶锈基因 ,5个品种不具有苗期抗叶锈基因。选用 BBB、DHS、PGT和PHT等 4个叶锈菌致病类型并设置 5/10℃、15/2 0℃、2 5/30℃ (黑暗 /光照 ) 3种不同的温度条件 ,研究了 4 0个供试品种的抗性稳定性。结果表明 ,在这些品种中有 15个品种的侵染型表现稳定或较稳定 ,3个品种表现为高温抗性 ,2个品种表现低温抗性 ,其余 2 0个品种存在明显的品种、菌系和温度三者的相互作用 ;利用 6个叶锈菌混合优势小种在田间进行成株期抗叶锈性鉴定结果表明 ,在 4 0个供试品种中有 2 1个品种具有良好的抗性 ,其中 ,至少有 6个品种表现为慢锈性 ,有 4个品种表现为明显的成株抗性 ,有 4个品种可能携带成株抗性基因 L r34。文中还对几个主要抗叶锈基因的抗性特点及其利用价值等进行了讨论。Genes for resistance to leaf rust were detected in 40 wheat cultivars originated from National Adaptability Test of Wheat Varieties in 1998~1999 using 11 isolates of Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici wihch previously characterized for avirulence or virulence gene combination, respectively. Ten of the 39 test genes (or gene combination) were postulated to be present in 24 cultivars, and unknown resistance gene (or genes) in 11 cultivars. No genes for leaf rust resistance in the seedling stage were found in 5 cultivars. Stability of leaf rust resistance was tested in 40 wheat cultivars using BBB, DHS, PGT and PHT Puccinia triticina pathotypes under 5/10℃, 15/20℃ and 25/30℃ (dark/illumination) temperature ranges, separately. As the results indicated, 15 cultivars of 40 test cultivars displayed stable or basically stable infection type, high temperature resistance was detected in 3 cultivars, low temperature resistance was detected in 2 cultivars, the interactions of pathogen pathotype, wheat cultivars and temperature were detected in 20 rest cultivars. Adult plant resistance of 40 wheat cultivars was identified with 6 Puccinia triticina pathotypes in the field. Twenty one cultivars displayed good resistance in the adult plant stage, among them, slow rusting resistance was displayed in at least 6 cultivars and obvious adult plant resistance was shown in 4 cultivars. It was found that the leaf tip necrosis (LTN) symptoms were shown in 4 cultivars, which probably possessed adult plant resistant gene Lr34 . Resistance features of several important Lr genes and their applicability were also discussed in the paper.

关 键 词：小麦 叶锈病 抗性基因 抗性稳定性 成株抗性 品种抗性 抗性鉴定 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S432.21[农业科学—植物保护]