灌水技术对核桃树光合特性日变化的影响研究  

The Effects of Irrigation Techniques on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Walnut Tree

作　　者：赵经华[1] 洪明[1] 马英杰[1] 王长新[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第2期94-97,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(201130103-1);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011Bad29B05);新疆维吾尔自治区水利水电工程重点学科资助项目(XJZDXK-2002-10-05)

摘　　要：采用LI-6400便携式光合作用仪观测了不同灌水技术下核桃树光合特性,并对核桃树净光合速率与影响因子进行相关性分析。结果表明,①净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率的日变化呈"双峰"型曲线,蒸腾速率和大气温度呈"单峰"型曲线,空气相对湿度和胞间CO2摩尔分数呈大"U"型曲线。②净光合速率和大气温度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度显著正相关,与空气相对湿度、胞间CO2摩尔分数负相关;对核桃树净光合速率影响最大的是气孔导度和胞间CO2摩尔分数,其次是蒸腾速率和空气相对湿度。③与地面灌溉相比,微灌处理均能提高核桃水分利用效率,尤其是滴灌3管技术。滴灌3管技术是核桃树最优供水方式。Photosynthetic characteristics of walnut tree under different irrigation techniques were measured using LI - 6400 portable photosynthesis system and the correlations between net photosynthetic rate and influence factors of walnut trees were analyzed. The results showed that： ①Diurnal variations of net pho- tosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were all double-peak curves; Diurnal varia- tions of transpiration rate and air temperature were single peak curves Diurnal variations of air relative hu- midity and intercellular CO2 concentration were ＂U＂ curves. ②The net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with air temperature, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance while the net photosynthetic rate was negatively correlated with air relative humidity, intercellular CO2 concentration the net photo- synthetic rate of walnut tree was mainly influenced by stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concen- tration, followed by the transpiration rate and relative humidity. ③Compared with the surface irrigation, micro-irrigation treatment could improve water use efficiency of walnut, especially irrigation technique with 3 tubes. So, irrigation technique with 3 tubes tree. is the optimal choice of supplying water for walnut

关 键 词：微灌 灌水技术 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 水分利用效率 气孔导度 胞间CO2 摩尔分数 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]