黑龙江垦区土壤肥力现状与大豆优化施肥研究  

Soil Fertility Status and Optimum Fertilization of Soybean in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area

作　　者：赵延风[1,2] 王鹏[1] 孙振宁[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江农垦九三管理局水务局,黑龙江嫩江161441 [3]杭州绿城育华学校,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《大豆科学》2014年第2期211-214,共4页Soybean Science

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀导致东北黑上退化，土地生产力下降。为确定黑龙江垦区的土壤肥力现状，优化大豆施肥，在黑龙江省农垦九三管理局鹤山农场选择轻度、中度、严重和极严重侵蚀4个样地，设计了8个施肥处理的大豆盆栽试验。结果表明：该区开垦后，有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量减少，碱解氮含量则呈增加趋势；随侵蚀程度的加强，有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量逐渐减少，而速效磷含量则先减少后增加。土壤供肥量处于中等水平，其中土壤供氮量中等偏下，土壤供磷量中等偏上；随侵蚀程度的加强，土壤供氮量和供钾量逐渐降低，供磷量先降低后增加。该区大豆对钾肥利用率较高，对氮、磷利用率较低；随侵蚀程度增强，大豆的氮肥利用率和钾肥利用率逐渐增加，而磷肥利用率则先增加后减小。根据养分平衡法，建议提高施肥总量为当地的1．2—2．5倍，增加氮肥用量，保证施肥配比。Soil erosion leads to the degradation and productivity decline of black soil in Northeast China. In order to confirm soil fertility status of Heilongjiang reclamation region, and optimize fertilization of soybean planting, in Heshan Farm of Jiusan Reclamation Bureau, pot experiments were carried out to study the fertility of mild, moderate, serious and very serious erosion soil. The results showed that the content of organic matter, available P and available K content decreased but available N con-tent increased after reclamation. With the strengthen of soil erosion,the content of organic matter, available N and available K content decreased, available P content decreased first and then increased. Supplying capacity of soil N and K decreased, but the supplying capacity of P decreased first and then increased. N and K use efficiencies increased gradually,while the P use effi-ciency increased first and then decreased. The estimated optimal fertilizer input amount according to nutrient balance method was as 1.2-2.5 times as the current field fertilizer.

关 键 词：黑龙江垦区 土壤肥力 大豆 优化施肥 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S565.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]