关于建立和完善我国国家食品援助计划的思考——基于我国贫困人口的营养现状以及美国等国家食品援助计划的启示  

Reflection on Establishing a National Food Aid Program in China Based on the Nutritional Status of Impoverished People in China and the Experience of US and Other Countries' Food Aid Programs

作　　者：彭亚拉[1] 唐晓纯[1] 齐思媛[1] 李莹星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国软科学》2014年第4期58-72,共15页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目"食品药品安全质量监管问题研究"(10BGL089)

摘　　要：本文通过我国贫困人群膳食消费及营养现状的研究,结合对甘肃和湖南两省5个欠发达区(县)的1300户低保户调研数据的分析,得出现阶段我国贫困人群可支配收入不足以满足其对于膳食营养的需求。该状况将对我国贫困人口劳动力的整体素质,贫困人群后代健康,以及贫困的代际传递产生影响,极大地影响社会公平。为有效解决此类问题,多国均积极推行"国家食品援助计划"。本文详细分析美国、阿根廷、印度等国家食品援助计划的特点及效果,结合我国社会贫困人群的新情况、新问题、新趋势,从国家扶贫政策的角度出发,提出建立和完善我国国家食品援助计划的设想。藉此打破城乡扶贫政策界限,全面覆盖城乡贫困人群;并充分考虑到妇幼、留守儿童等特殊人群,满足新贫困群体的公共需求,推动国家财政进一步向民生领域倾斜,推动全面实现社会公平。This paper has studied the food consumer behavior and nutritional status of impoverished People in China, combined with analyzing the survey of 1300 low -income residents of 5 undeveloped district （county） in Gansu and Hu- nan provinces, which led to the disposable income of the poor in China is not enough to satisfy the demand for food nu- trition at the present stage, and has a serious impact on their nutrition health statue. This condition will have a deeply impact on the overall quality of labor force in our country, the impoverished childrenhealth, as well as the intergenera- tional transmission of poverty, have a great impact on social justice. In order to solve such a problem above effectively, many countries become more widely adopted the ＂Food Aid Program＂. Have a detail analysis of advantage of the Food Aid Program in those countries, such as US, Argentina, India and so on, coordinated with the new situation, new ques-tions, and ne3v trends of the poverty in our country. Base on the perspective of national poverty reduction policy, proposin- gand perfect a Food Aid Program for China. This program can break the boundaries of poverty reduction policy between urban and rural, universal coverage all kinds of poverty, take the special populations into a full consideration such as women ＆children and the left - behind children, meet the demands of new poverty group, promote national finance area further to livelihood of people. Finally, the country will achieve social justice.

关 键 词：食品援助计划 扶贫政策 社会保障 营养干预 

分 类 号：F202[经济管理—国民经济]