66例石工矽肺发病特点与X射线胸片影像特征分析  

Analysis on onset characteristics and X-ray chest radiography imaging features in 66 cases of masonry silicosis

作　　者：刘锦华[1] 张莹[2] 刘林均[3] 黄国贤[1] 王淑玉[1] 陈伟[1] 冯简青[1] 丁丽燕[1] 欧慧慧[1] 刘新霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528403 [2]广东省职业病防治院,广州510300 [3]香港大学李嘉诚医学院,香港999077

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2014年第2期179-182,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省中山市科技计划项目(20132A074)

摘　　要：目的分析石工矽肺患者发病特点和X射线胸片影像学特征。方法对66例石工矽肺患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果石工矽肺患者平均发病年龄为(39.7±4.8)岁,发病工龄中位数为8.0年。呼吸道症状明显,主要表现为胸闷、咳嗽、气促和胸痛,发生率分别为71.12%、56.06%、45.45%和43.94%,但体征不明显。X射线胸片小阴影影像学改变均为圆形小阴影,以q影多见,占81.82%,p影占18.18%;其分布以左上、左中、右上和右中肺区多见,呈双侧对称性分布。大阴影发生率为7.58%,多发生于上肺区。肺通气功能异常发生率为7.58%。并发症肺气肿的发生率为10.61%,肺结核的发生率为3.03%。42.42%患者完全丧失劳动能力。结论石工矽肺发病年龄较低,发病工龄较短,劳动能力损害较严重。应做好石场矽尘危害的预防控制工作。Objective To analyze the characteristics of incidence of masonry silicosis patients and its X-ray chest radio-graphy imaging features .Methods The clinical data of 66 cases of masonry silicosis were retrospectively analyzed .Results The average onset age of masonry silicosis was （39.7 ＆#177;4.8） years.The median of length of service was 8.0 years.The primary symptoms shown in respiratory system were chest congestion , cough, shortness of breath and chest pain , with the incidence of 71.12%, 56.06%, 45.45%and 43.94%, respectively , but the signs were not obvious .The X-ray chest ra-diography imaging changes showed that small round opacities “q” were common accounting for 81.82%.Small round opacities “p” were accounting for 18.18%.The distributions to the left upper lung zones , left middle lung zones , right upper lung zones and the right middle lung zones were common with a fair degree of bilateral symmetry .Large shadow inci-dence rate was 7.58%, mainly distributed in the upper lung zones .The incidence of abnormal pulmonary ventilation func-tion was 7.58%.The incidences of complication emphysema and tuberculosis were 10.61% and 3.03%, respectively. Silicosis causing complete disability of labor was accounting for 42.42%.Conclusion The onset age of masonry silicosis was low and the length of service was short .The labor ability damage was severe .Prevention and control for quarry silica dust hazard should be carried out .

关 键 词：石工 矽肺 发病特点 临床特征 X射线 致残程度 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]