宝坻大蒜气生鳞茎和花粉母细胞发育的细胞学研究  

Cytological observation on aerial bulbs and pollen mother cells of Baodi garlic

作　　者：彭爱芳[1,2] 王珍[1,2] 李转春[1,2] 任春雪[1,2] 范宝莉[1,2] 刘晓颖[1,2] 王振英[1,2] 彭永康[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学天津市动植物抗性重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第2期66-70,共5页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：天津市农委重点资助项目(5KN13001);天津师范大学应用开发研究基金资助项目

摘　　要：为了从细胞学角度探讨大蒜的不育性,对宝坻大蒜气生鳞茎的发育、花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程及染色体的异常行为进行观察.结果表明:(1)大蒜的气生鳞茎数量多、长势快;(2)大蒜的花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中有27.4%的细胞出现异常分裂现象,包括滞后染色体(7.6%)、染色体桥(9.3%)、染色体断片(1.7%)和微核(9.7%)等异常行为;(3)正常发育的花粉母细胞在形成花粉粒时逐渐干枯.花粉母细胞中高频率的染色体结构变异和花粉母细胞在形成花粉粒时的干枯可能是导致大蒜不育的重要原因.To investigate the infertility of garlic from the view of cytology, the development of aerial bulbs, the meiosis and chromosome abnormal behavior were observed in pollen mother cells of Baodi garlic. The results showed that： （1） Large amount aerial bulbs were observed and the growth was fast; （2） 27.4% of the pollen mother cells appeared abnormal cell division, including lagging chromosomes （7.6%）, chromosome bridges （9.3%）, chromosome fragments （1.7%）, micronuclei （9.7%）; （3） The normal pollen mother cells withered in the stage of pollen formation. Overall, the high frequency chromosomes structure variation of pollen mother cells and the withering of pollen mother cells in the formation of pollen may be an important cause for garlic infertility.

关 键 词：大蒜 不育 气生鳞茎 花粉母细胞 减数分裂异常 

分 类 号：Q37[生物学—遗传学]