移栽与直播对油菜根系建成及籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of direct drilling and transplanting on root system and rapeseed yield

作　　者：袁金展[1] 马霓[1] 张春雷[1] 李俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2014年第2期189-197,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31071372;31271671;31101124);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-13);国家科技支撑计划(2010BAD01B01)

摘　　要：为深入理解根系调控在轻简化栽培技术中的作用,以甘蓝型油菜品种中双11号和中油杂12号为材料,通过设置直播（45万株/公顷）和移栽（12万株/公顷）两种栽培方式,高氮和低氮两种施肥方式的田间试验,从群体的角度研究了油菜的根系分布特征。结果表明,直播油菜根系比移栽油菜分布更深,直播油菜在0～10cm土层的根系分布显著低于移栽油菜,但在10～20cm和20～30cm土层的根系显著高于移栽油菜;初花期根干重是决定油菜群体籽粒产量的主要因素,根干重越大,籽粒产量越高;粗壮的根系是油菜获得高产的关键,移栽油菜的根系比直播油菜更为粗壮,增施氮肥有助于根系的粗壮型生长。To understand root regulation on rapeseed yield by easy and reduced cultivation technique,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the distribution of root population under two cultivation methods and two nitrogen fertilization levels. The cultivation methods were direct drilling at 450 000 plants per hectare,and transplanting at 120 000 plants per hectare. The two fertilization levels included pure nitrogen of 180kg per hectare and 270kg per hectare. Cultivar Zhongshuang 11 and Zhongyouza 12 were used as plant materials. Results showed that the root distribution of direct drilling was deeper. It had significant fewer roots at 0- 10cm soil layer,and significant greater distribution at both 10- 20cm and 20- 30cm layers. At initial flowering stage,root dry weight was the most important factor on population yield,and the heavier the dry weight,the higher the yield. Strong root system was also the key factor on yield. Roots grew stronger under transplanting method,and higher nitrogen rate benefited stronger root system.

关 键 词：油菜 轻简化栽培 直播 移栽 根系分布 产量限制因素 

分 类 号：S565.401[农业科学—作物学]