尿素对骠马胁迫紫苏幼苗的缓解效应  

Puma stress alleviated by urea on Perilla frutescens( L. ) Britt. seedlings

作　　者：张谨华[1,2] 郭生金[1] 王鑫[2] 郭平毅[2] 

机构地区：[1]晋中学院生物科学与技术学院,山西榆次030600 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2014年第2期238-243,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金(2013011039-2);山西省科技攻关项目(20100321103);山西省回国留学人员重点科研资助项目(201004)

摘　　要：为探讨尿素对骠马胁迫紫苏幼苗的缓解效应,阐明适宜紫苏生长的最佳除草施肥条件。采用随机区组试验设计,在紫苏六叶期喷施不同浓度的尿素（0、1、2、4和8g/L）和6.9%骠马水乳剂（0、1.33、2.66、5.32和7.98mL/L）,分析其对紫苏光合特性指标、荧光特性、杂草防效和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,骠马显著降低紫苏叶片的叶绿素含量指数（CCI）,净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）也均不同程度降低,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）升高,说明骠马显著抑制紫苏的光合特性,且表现出一定的剂量效应;叶绿素荧光分析表明,除草剂显著降低了PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ФPSⅡ）及光化学荧光淬灭系数（qP）,非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）则呈一定的上升趋势。表明在除草剂骠马胁迫下紫苏叶片发生了光抑制,PSⅡ复合体受到损伤伴随着光合电子传递受阻;8g/L的尿素处理效果相同;而1~4g/L浓度的尿素处理则效果相反。1~4g/L的尿素（N）和不同浓度的骠马（P）先后处理,比单用骠马处理效果好,如P1N3处理可使籽粒产量比单独施用骠马增产11%,杂草防效提高11.35%,表明先施4g/L的尿素再施1.33mL/L的骠马,能显著缓解骠马对紫苏的胁迫,提高其光合性能,并使其光系统Ⅱ维持较高的光化学效率,该施药模式具有平衡除草施肥、安全高产等特点,有较高的推广价值。Perilla with six leaves was exposed to combined treatment with urea（ 0,1,2,4 and 8g /L） and Puma super（ 0,1. 33,2. 66,5. 32 and 7. 98mL / L） of different concentration to study the mitigative effect of urea on Perilla frutescens（ L.） Britt. seedlings to Puma super stress and to find the best treatment. The effect of combined treatment on photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,weed control and seed yield of Perilla frutescens（ L.） Britt. were studied by using the randomized block design experiment. Results showed that the chlorophyll content index reduced significantly,photosynthetic rate（ Pn）,stomatal conductance（ Gs） and transpiration rate（ Tr） also reduced at various levels. The intercellular CO2concentration（ Ci） increased under Puma super treatments. It indicated that Puma super significantly inhibited the photosynthetic capacity. It also showed that Puma super significantly decreased maximum PSII photochemical efficiency,effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII,PSII potential activity and photochemical quenching of variable Chl fluorescence; and decreased non- photochemical Chl fluorescence quenching. It indicated that Puma super impaired PSII and blocked the electron transport in light reaction,treatment with urea of moderate concentration（ 1 to 4g / L） could antagonize the negative effect contributed by Puma super,while high concentration（ 8g / L） could aggravate this effect. The seed yield and weed control efficiency increased 11% and 11. 35% respectively under leaf spray of 4g / L urea and followed by leaf spray of 1. 33mL / L Puma super. These results indicated that the mitigative effect of urea on Perilla frutescens（ L.） Britt. seedlings to Puma super stress increased effectively. The photosynthesis and PSII photochemical efficiency were improved after treated by 4g / L urea first and then by 1. 33mL / L Puma super. This combination of urea and clethodium could balance the fertilization and weeding,and further promote crop productio

关 键 词：紫苏 骠马除草剂 尿素 胁迫 缓解效应 光合 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S567.01[农业科学—中草药栽培] S945.78[农业科学—作物学]