维新志士王照的“自首”问题  

The Problem of Reformist Wang Zhao's "Voluntarily Surrender"

作　　者：马忠文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,副研究员北京100006

出　　处：《近代史研究》2014年第3期32-46,160,共15页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：光绪三十年(1904)三月王照向清廷的"自首"并非一般意义上的投案,其中的内情也不能完全依据其自述来解释。现存台北故宫的清代档案为还原历史真相提供了原始依据;当时津、沪等地的报刊,特别是《大公报》对案件的连续报道,体现出舆论对王照的声援和同情,为今人分析事件原委提供了丰富的参考。研究表明,王照流亡日本期间与犬养毅的一次笔谈,揭露了康、梁伪造密诏的内幕,其中夹杂着革命、保皇两派斗争的政治因素,而笔谈的传播,客观上澄清了光绪帝参与"围园密谋"的冤情,在朝野各界产生了广泛共鸣,使王照庚子年回国隐居及后来主动投案成为可能。重建史实,梳理王照"自首"问题,有助于重新认识这位维新志士在晚清史上非同寻常的历史地位。Wang Zhao's ' voluntarily surrendering of himself' to the Qing court in the fourth month of the thirtieth year of Emperor Guangxu(1904) was not a simple case of self-surrender,and Wang's own account cannot be taken as a full explanation of the inside story.Documents from Taipei's National Palace Museum Qing Dynasty documents collection provide a first-hand basis for us to reconstruct this history.Successive magazine and newspaper reports,in particular Ta Kung Pao,in Tianjin,Shanghai and other cities at the time,display the support and sympathy of public opinion for Wang Zhao,supplying rich detail for present scholars to analyze.Research into the correspondence between Wang Zhao,during his exile in Japan,and Inukai Tsuyoshhi reveals the inside story of Kang Youwei's and Liang Qichao's forging of the secret imperial edict,and the political factor of struggles between revolutionaries and loyalists.The dissemination of the correspondence objectively clarified the Emperor Guangxu's grievances that influenced his participation in ' the conspiracy of surrounding the Summer Palace.' This struck an extensive sympathetic chord in various circles both inside and outside of government,making it possible for Wang Zhao to return to China to live in seclusion in 1900 and to later voluntarily surrender himself to the government.Reconstruction of the historical facts and clarification of the problem of Wang Zhao's 'voluntarily surrender' help us to understand anew the unusual historical position of this reformist in the late Qing history.

关 键 词：王照 康有为 梁启超 戊戌变法 毕永年 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学]