利用转录组数据分析高原鼢鼠和裸鼹鼠基因的趋同进化  

Transcriptomatic determination of convergent evolution between plateau zokors( Eospalax baileyi) and naked mole rats( Heterocephalus glaber)

作　　者：邓小弓 王堃[3] 张守栋[1] 苏建平[1] 张同作[1] 林恭华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]兰州大学生命科学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《兽类学报》2014年第2期129-137,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31372197;31370405);中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目(KSCX2-EW-J-26)

摘　　要：地下鼠由于长期适应于地下洞道生活,在诸多生物学特征上都产生了一定的趋同进化现象,但目前尚未在分子水平分析其趋同进化特征。本研究利用高通量测序数据,从氨基酸位点变化和基因表达量水平,分析两种亲缘关系较远的地下鼠———高原鼢鼠和裸鼹鼠的趋同进化。氨基酸位点变化分析显示,两种地下鼠的54个基因都存在至少一个理论趋同进化位点,其中13个基因可以找到相对明确的表型功能注释。基因表达量分析显示,两种地下鼠在转录组水平的总体表达模式上存在趋同效应;有103个基因在两种地下鼠脑中的表达量是作为对照的地上鼠(小鼠、豚鼠)表达量的3倍以上,其中有20个基因可以找到相对明确的表型功能注释。本研究的结果表明,高原鼢鼠和裸鼹鼠为了适应地下生活方式,在氨基酸序列和基因表达量水平上都产生了一定程度的趋同进化。其中,低氧适应相关基因(氧运输、氧代谢、DNA修复等)是地下鼠进化适应的最重要组成部分,挖掘器官(尤其是肌肉)功能相关基因的重要性次之,能量代谢及平衡相关基因也是地下鼠适应性进化的关键要素。Subterranean rodents have evolved convergent traits in many of their biological characteristics that allow them to adapt to a similar underground burrowing life style. However, no study has yet been published about this convergent evolution at the molecular level. Here, we use high-throughput next-generation sequencing data （transcriptomes） to identify both amino acid （AA） variations and gene expression levels in order to analyze the convergent evolution of two typical subterrancan rodents, the plateau zokor （Eospalax baileyi） and the naked mole rat （Heterocephalus glaber）. AA variation analysis detected 54 genes of which each had at least one convergent adaptation site; of these genes 13 were successfully annotated by their relatively obvious phenotypical functions. Within the 13 genes, four （Ptpn6, Scol, Dhcr 24, and Add2） were related with hypoxia tolerance or adaptation to oxidative stress, four （Mbtpsl, Atplal, Acsl3, and Ncoa2） were involved in nutrient transport or energy metabolism, four （Smocl, Kiflb, Tcap, and Cryab） were involved in limb development or muscle health, and the remaining gene （Myo6） was involved in auditory function. Gene expression level analyses of the two subterranean rodents detected 103 genes that were significantly upregulated （ 〉 3 fold） as compared to mouse （Mus musculus） and guinea pig （Cavia porcellus） ; 20 of these genes could be successfully annotated by their phenotypical functions. Within these 20 genes, 12 were related with hypoxia tolerance functions, such as oxygen transport （ Dsg2, Tab2, lip, Rock1, and FS） , oxygen metabolism （ Tflolm and Mrpll ）, and DNA repair （ Tdp2 , Rad50 , Alkbh2 , Hltf , and Plkl ）, 3 were related with the functional integrity of muscle （ Sync and Taf3） and bone （Acp5）, and the other 5 were involved in immune （ Spon2 and Sh2dga）, biological rhythm （ Clock）, starvation tolerance （ Pdk4 ）, and reproduction （Clgn）. Our results show that the hypoxia tolerance-related ge

关 键 词：地下鼠 趋同进化 低氧适应 挖掘器官 能量代谢 

分 类 号：Q346.3[生物学—遗传学]