笼捕法和陷阱法对森林小型兽类多样性监测效率比较  

A comparison of live traps and pitfall traps for monitoring the diversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in forests

作　　者：杨锡福[1,2] 谢文华[1,2] 陶双伦[1] 李俊年[1] 肖治术[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《兽类学报》2014年第2期193-199,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD19B02);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31240470);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-N-05);湖南省和吉首大学大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目(JSU-CX-2011-39)

摘　　要：小型兽类包括食虫目（Insectivora）、啮齿目（Rodentia）、翼手目（Chiroptera）、兔形目（Lago．morpha）等，物种数量多，分布广，适应能力强，对环境变化敏感，因此其群落组成和种群数量变化可较好地反映生境变化的质量和人类活动的干扰程度（肖治术等，2002；李俊生等，2003；Small mammals are among the most important indicators used for monitoring wildlife diversity. Live traps and pitfall traps are common methods used to investigate community and population dynamics of ground - dwelling small mammals. However, it is poorly explored which trapping method is more efficient to evaluate diversity patterns of ground - dwelling small mammals. We compared the advantages, limitations and applications of live traps and pitfall traps based on species richness, community diversity and body mass of ground - dwelling small mammals in forest ecosystems. During August and September of 2012, we monitored ground -dwelling small mammals using live traps and pitfall traps in the Banruosi forest in the Dujiangyan City, Southwest China. We found that species composition biodiversity patterns and body mass of small mammals varied greatly between live traps and pitfall traps, though species richness was quite similar between them. In addition, species composition, species diversity indices and evenness indices for small mammals were lower using live traps than using pitfall traps, but the dominance indices and body masses were higher using live traps than using pitfall traps. Our study indicates that live traps can capture more rodents with larger body mass, while pitfall traps are more efficient for monitoring insectivores and rodents with smaller body mass. Live traps had a relatively higher cost and also required bait during trapping compared to non - bait pitfall traps. Since most of the trapped animals are dead using pitfall traps, live traps are better to monitor community and population dynamics of small rodents. We also recommend that both live traps and pitfall traps should be used simultaneously to monitor the whole diversity patterns of ground-dwelling small mammals.

关 键 词：小型兽类 笼捕法 陷阱法 多样性监测 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]