酯类基础油的热氧化与水解稳定性能研究  

Thermal Oxidative and Hydrolytic Stability of the Synthetic Ester Base Oils

作　　者：刘建芳[1,2] 金永亮[2] 向亚玲[2] 钱绪政[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学,湖北武汉430023 [2]武汉材料保护研究所,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2014年第5期56-61,共6页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2013CB632303);湖北省教育厅项目(Q20131707)

摘　　要：热氧化和水解是造成酯类合成油衰变的最重要原因,也是影响酯类基础油的有效使用寿命的关键因素。在恒温箱中对3种酯类基础油进行连续老化试验,考察其在在无水、有水(铜片作为催化剂)以及有添加剂存在条件下的运动黏度和总酸值的变化,并结合差示扫描量热法(DSC)所测得的起始氧化温度,比较酯类油的热氧化、水解情况以及抗氧剂对酯类基础油老化过程的影响。试验结果表明:酯类基础油的热氧化稳定性与其自身分子结构有关,含有芳烃或合成的醇类结构中不含β-H的基础油会具有较好的热稳定性。酚类和胺类抗氧剂能有效地抑制不饱和多元醇酯类基础油的热氧化速度,起到较明显的抗氧化作用,并具有一定的抑制基础油水解的效果。The thermal oxidation and hydrolysis are the most important reasons for the degradationof the synthetic ester oil, and have a key impact on the useful life of the ester base oil. The continuous aging test on three kinds of synthetic ester base oils was performed in the ealorstat oven. The kinematic viscosities and total acid numbers of the oil samples without and with water （ copper as the catalyst）, and with antioxidants were measured, and combined with their initial oxidation temperatures obtained by the differential scanning calorimetry （ DSC ）, their thermal oxidative and hydrolytic stabilities were compared and judged, the effects of antioxidants on the aging process of the synthetic ester base oils were evaluated. The results show that the thermal oxidative stabilities of the synthetic ester base oils are related to their molecular structures. The ester base oils containing the aromatics and the alcohol structure without β-H bond have better thermal sta- bility. Phenol and amine antioxidants have significant antioxidant effects, which can decrease effectively the thermal oxidation rate of the unsaturated polyol ester base oil. In addition, they also have a certain effect to inhibit the hydrolysis of unsaturated polyol ester base oil.

关 键 词：酯类基础油 热氧化 水解 运动黏度 总酸值 

分 类 号：TE626.3[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]