稀土永磁材料的现状与发展趋势  

Status and development tendency of rare-earth permanent magnet materials

作　　者：胡伯平 

机构地区：[1]北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司,北京100190

出　　处：《磁性材料及器件》2014年第2期66-77,80,共13页Journal of Magnetic Materials and Devices

摘　　要：作为稀土最重要的应用领域之一,稀土永磁材料是支撑现代社会的重要基础功能材料,与人们的生活息息相关。近10余年来,全球烧结钕铁硼磁体毛坯产量年均增长率为20%,我国年均增长率为28%;全球粘结钕铁硼磁体产量年均增长率为7%,我国年均增长率为21%。2012年,我国烧结钕铁硼磁体毛坯产量和粘结钕铁硼磁体产量分别为8.3万吨和4400吨,达到历史最高。近两年,具有高使用温度和优异耐腐蚀性的烧结钐钴磁体和热压/热变形辐射钕铁硼取向环形磁体的产量也有所增长。低碳经济对烧结钕铁硼磁体的综合磁性能指标"(BH)max(MGOe)+Hcj(kOe)"提出了越来越高的要求,目前该指标已超过70;Tb/Dy晶界扩散提高Hcj成为烧结钕铁硼的新热点,已开发出多种扩散技术并用于批量生产。利用氦气气流磨并结合无氧工艺建成的无或低Tb/Dy生产线已经在日本投入运行。粘结磁体方面,各向同性钕铁硼磁粉的国产化进程在加快,(BH)max=15MGOe的高性能磁粉已经面市,成本及耐蚀性更优的快淬Sm-Fe-N磁粉也在大力研发中;HDDR处理的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉已经商品化。高性价比的各向异性磁体成形技术正在开发,挤出成形工艺可制备直径60mm、壁厚1mm的辐射取向薄壁环。为了进一步高效利用稀土,西方国家和中国正在积极开展稀土永磁材料的回收利用。丰富的稀土资源,广阔的应用市场,稀土永磁材料将迎来更加美好的前景。As one of the most important application for rare earth, the rare-earth permanent magnet material, which closely relates to people’s daily life, is an important fundamental functional material to support modern society. For recent ten years, the average annual growth rate of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets output is 20% for the whole world and 28% for China. The average annual growth rate of bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet output is 7% for the whole world and 21% for China. In 2012, China’s sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet output and bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet output are 83000 tons and 4400 tons respectively, both of which have reached a new high level. In recent years, the output of sintered Sm-Co magnets with high working temperature and excellent corrosion resistance and the output of hot-pressed/hot-deformed radially oriented ring Nd-Fe-B magnets have grown. Low-carbon economy asks for better magnetic property of“（BH）max （MGOe）＋Hcj（kOe）”for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets and this property is over 70 at present. Enhancement of coercivity through Tb/Dy grain boundary diffusion has become a hotspot in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet field and various diffusion technologies have been used for mass production. The non-Tb/Dy or low Tb/Dy production line adopting helium-jet mill and non-oxygen processing has been put into operation in Japan. For bonded magnet, the production of rapidly quenched isotropic Nd-Fe-B powder by Chinese producers is being accelerated and the high property magnet powder with （BH）max=15MGO has been available. Great efforts are being made in research of rapidly quenched Sm-Fe-N powder with lower cost and better corrosion resistance. Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B powder through HDDR has been commercialized. The forming technique of anisotropic magnet with high performance and low cost is being developed. The radially oriented thin-walled ring with diameter of 60 mm and wall-thickness of 1mm can be made by extrusion molding technique. Western countries and China are being active in recycling of rare earth permanent magnets

关 键 词：稀土磁体 性能 工艺 产业 应用 

分 类 号：TM273[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]