武夷山市入侵植物的调查与分析  

Alien Invasive Plants in Wuyishan City, China

作　　者：李国平[1] 林盛 张剑[1] 胡永乐[1] 杨鹭生[1] 

机构地区：[1]武夷学院生态与资源工程学院,福建武夷山354300 [2]武夷山国家级自然保护区管理局,福建武夷山354300

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2014年第4期794-800,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：福建省林业厅林业科研和标准化项目计划

摘　　要：为了摸清武夷山市外来入侵植物的状况,通过野外实地调查、标本采集及鉴定,并结合相关资料,对武夷山市入侵植物的种类组成、原产地、生活型、入侵途径、入侵性等方面进行分析。结果表明:武夷山市现有外来入侵植物67种,隶属27科56属,其中菊科、禾本科、苋科、豆科4个科共计36种,占入侵植物总种数的53.7%;武夷山市入侵植物的生活型以陆生草本为主,有56种,占总种数的83.6%;从入侵植物的来源地看,来自美洲的种类最多,达47种,占总种数的70.2%;从引入途径看,有37种属于有意引入,其余30种属无意引入。将入侵植物的入侵性分为甲、乙、丙3个等级,属于甲级的有空心莲子草、豚草、假高粱、凤眼莲等11种。目前对武夷山市生态环境危害较为严重的入侵植物是大狼把草、加拿大蓬、胜红蓟、野茼蒿、钻形紫菀、白茅等。通过与福建邻近省市外来入侵植物种类组成的比较分析,提出了若干预防和控制入侵植物的建议和对策,为武夷山市外来入侵植物的管理与防范工作提供了科学依据。Wuyishan, which is accredited by the UN as Natural and Cultural World Heritage, is extremely rich in biodiversity. To better protect the local ecology, the alien invasive plants in Wuyishan City were studied based on the field investigation, samples collection, specimen identification and literature review. The species composition, geographical origin, life form, introduction pathways and invasiveness were analyzed in the paper. The results showed that there were 67 alien invasive species in Wuyishan City, belonging to 27 families and 56 genera. The four families（Asteraeeae, Poaceae, Amaranthaceae and Fabaeeae） occupied a total of 36 species, accounting for 53.7% to total invasive species. With respect to the life form of these invasive plants, the terrestrial herb including 56 species （83.6%） was the most abundant. Up to 47 species （70.2%） were originated from the Americas. 37 species were introduced intentionally and 30 species were introduced unintentionally. In addition, based on the invasiveness, potential dangerousness, occurrence frequency and population density, the alien invasive plants in Wuyishan City were divided into three invasive degree, 11 species（16.4%） were regarded as the highest degree of threat to the local biodiversity, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Sorghum ha!epense, Eichhornia crassipes, etc. The field investigation showed that some invasive species have caused serious harm, e.g. Bidens frondoso, Conyza cartadensis, Ageratum conyzoides, Gynura crepidioides, Aster subulatus and Imperata cylindrical etc. Finally, based on the current situation of alien invasive species in Wuyishan City and comparative analysis of alien invasive species in Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province, some control strategies of alien invasive plants were suggested in order to prevent them from further dispersing and causing ecological disaster in Wuyishan City.

关 键 词：入侵植物 生活型 原产地 入侵性 防治对策 武夷山市 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]