试论赠与基础丧失规则在我国婚姻法中的设立——以婚姻法司法解释(三)第七条第一款为例  

A Thesis on the Rules Established in China's Marriage Law with Respect to the Loss of Gift Foundation——Exemplified by Article 1,Clause 7 of the Third Legal Explanation on the Marriage Law

作　　者：杨晋玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2014年第2期12-21,共10页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目"民商法基础理论--亲属法基础理论问题研究"的阶段性研究成果;项目编号:08XFX010

摘　　要：婚姻法司法解释(三)第七条第一款规定的父母出资为子女购买的不动产视为只对自己子女的赠与的规定存在着没有反映出姻亲关系的真实特性、不符合中国父母家产传承或对子女为赠与的习惯、忽视了赠与者对子女配偶将来履行赡养责任的预期等不足之处。为了避免法院在处理父母赠与房产纠纷中或者全有或者全无的不公平结果,应寻求一种更为公平合理的动态处理模式。而《德国民法典》第313条第1款所规定的法律行为基础障碍制度为我们提供了借鉴。通过借鉴这一制度中的行为基础事后丧失规则,在我国婚姻法中设立赠与基础丧失规则即赠与行为发生后,由于当事人进行赠与的基础不再存在,此时如果不能合理期待做出无偿给予的一方愿意维持现有的财产关系,法律允许当事人在不违背诚实信用原则的前提下对已生效的赠与行为进行调整或解除的规则,应是可行的。其可行性在于这一规则的设立不仅符合我国婚姻法处理家庭关系的立法宗旨,而且也避免了法院在处理当事人未约定、法律也没有相应规范调整的房产赠与问题时的两难处境。在适用时,辅之以一定的限制,即对结婚时间达一定期限且因抚育子女、照料配偶方父母、协助对方工作等付出较多义务的一方不适用赠与基础丧失规则,但受赠人对婚姻破裂有重大过错的除外,以期达到司法解释所预期的均衡保护婚姻双方及其父母的权益的目的。The regulation in Article 1, Clause 7 of the Third Legal Explanation of the contribution to the purchase of immovable property shall be perceived as a parents＇ Marriage Law that any parental gift to offspring fails to reflect realistic features of marriage connections or to accord with China＇s customs relating to the passage or gifting of the parents＇ property to children, and overlooks the givers＇ expectation of their children＇ s spouses to fulfill their duty of support, in addition to many other drawbacks of the regulation. In order to avoid a court＇s unjust attitude toward parental gifting, we should pursue a more fair and reasonable pattern of dynamic settlement. We can refer to the obstacles to legal behavior prescribed in Section 313 of the German Civil Code. Through borrowing the rules on loss of foundation of behavior from the system, it Behaviors which, when the foundation of the is plausible to establish Rules on the Loss of Foundation of Gifting parties to perform the gifting behaviors ceases to exist after the allow the givers to adjust or terminate the gifting behaviors in light of the who has performed the free gifting can no longer be reasonably expected The establishment of such a settlement of family relations, gifting, principle of honesty and credit if the party to maintain the existing property relations. regulation not only complies with the legislative aims of China＇s Marriage Law on the but also prevents the dilemma a court faces when it addresses the gifting of real estate which parties in an action have failed to arrange and on which the law fails to instruct. To protect the rights and interests Of both sides of the marriage and their parents as the Legal Explanation expects, the regulation should be restricted not to apply the Rules on the Loss of Foundation of Gifting Behaviors to a party who has been married beyond a time limit and fulfilled duty due to raising children, care of parents or work assistance, and so on, except when the persons gifting commit significant fau

关 键 词：法律行为基础障碍制度 法律行为基础丧失规则 以结婚为条件的赠与 赠与基础丧失 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]