光氮及其互作对水稻干物质积累与分配的影响  

Interactive Effects of Light Intensity and Nitrogen Supply on Dry Matter Production and Distribution of Rice

作　　者：黄丽芬[1] 全晓艳[1] 张蓉[1] 袁毅[1] 赵伟[1] 姜玲玲[1] 施金琦[1] 庄恒扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2014年第2期167-176,共10页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31201154);江苏省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目(BK2009187);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目;江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室资助项目(K12008);江苏省大学生实践创新训练计划资助项目(2012JSSPITP1388)

摘　　要：通过水培盆栽试验,从水稻移栽至成熟收获期进行了3种光照强度(L0、L1、L2,分别为自然光照强度的100%、81.88%、51.06%)、3种氮素水平(N1、N2、N3,施氮量分别为7、21、35mg/kg)及其互作的处理,以2个杂交籼稻(汕优63、两优培九)和2个粳稻(秀水63、甬优8号)为供试材料,研究了不同光照强度和氮素水平及其互作对产量与干物质生产的影响。结果表明:1)遮光处理和光氮互作效应对单株产量影响极显著(F光强=63.34**,F光强×氮素=58.55**),在低氮水平下遮光处理能在一定程度上提高单株产量;在中高氮水平下,过度遮光处理均显著降低单株产量。2)在成熟期,光强处理对叶片干物质量的影响表现为L2>L1>L0,对茎鞘,表现为L1>L2>L0,对根和穗,表现为L0>L1>L2,根和穗干物质量L0和L2处理相比分别提高28.47%和5.67%;表明强光有利于成熟期水稻根和穗干物质量的提高,而弱光则不同程度增加成熟期叶和茎鞘的干物质量。3)各生育期,地上部干物质积累量随着氮素水平的上升显著增加。而遮光对地上部干物质积累的影响则由生育前期的抑制作用转为后期的促进作用,具体表现为拔节期L2<L1<L0;抽穗期L2<L0<L1;成熟期L0<L2<L1。当氮素浓度过高时,弱光使成熟期地上部干物质积累量增大。4)随着氮素水平的升高、光强的减弱、水稻生育期的推进,根冠比均显著降低。5)各品种干物质积累与产量在抽穗期呈极显著的二次曲线关系,在成熟期呈极显著线性正相关(秀水63除外)。By hydroponic pot experiment,with two indica types （Shanyou 63,Liangyoupeijiu）and two japonica types （Xiushui 63,Yongyou 8 ）as experimental materials,two elements including light intensity （L0,L1 ,L2 represent 100%,81 .88% and 5 1 .06% of the natural light intensity,respectively）and nitrogen supply （N1 ,N2,N3 represent the N level of 7,21 ,35 mg/kg,respectively）were designed from transplanting to maturity in rice.The effects of different light intensity,nitrogen levels and their interactions on production and distribution of dry matter of rice were investiged. The main results were as follows：1）Grains yield of per plant was significantly affected by shading and light nitrogen interactions（F Light =63.34 ＊ ＊ ,F Light × Nitrogen =58.55 ＊ ＊ ）.To a certain extent,shading improved yield under low nitrogen （N1）;under medium （N2）and high nitrogen （N3）,too much shading treatment decreased grain yield significantly.2） At maturity stage,the influences of light intensity on dry matter weight of various organs were as follows：Leaves were L2〉L1 〉L0,stems and sheaths were L1 〉L2〉L0,roots and panicles were L0〉L1 〉L2.Dry matter weight of roots and panicles of L0 treatment were higher than those covered with two layers of shading （L2）by 28.47% and 5 .67%, respectively.Thus,at maturity stage,it was demonstrated that high intensity light was beneficial to rice roots and spike,while low intensity light increased the dry matter weight of leaf and stem to various degrees.3）The dry matter accumulation of shoots increased significantly by higher nitrogen rate in the whole growth stages.However,shading firstly inhibited dry matter accumulation of shoots during the earlier growth period,then promoted it during the later growth period.The trends were as follows：L2 〈 L1 〈 L0 at jointing stage,L2 〈 L0 〈 L1 at heading stage,L0 〈L2 〈 L1 at maturity stage.With higher nitrogen rate and lower intensity of light,dry matter accumulation increased more obviously.4 ）Ro

关 键 词：水稻 氮素 光强 干物质量 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]