不同耕作措施对成都平原稻麦轮作区土壤蓄水抗蚀性及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Tillage Systems on the Corrosion Resistance and Water Storage of Soil and Crop Yield under Rice-Wheat Rotation in Chengdu Plain

作　　者：梁淑敏[1] 谢瑞芝[2] 汤永禄[3] 李朝苏[3] 王欣[1] 何晓莹[1] 李少昆[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院,经济作物研究所,昆明650205 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]四川省农业科学院作物科学研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2014年第2期199-205,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD15B00);国家973计划资助项目(2009CB118601)

摘　　要：采用长期定位试验,研究了不同耕作措施对稻麦轮作农田土壤蓄水抗蚀性及作物产量的影响。试验设置麦稻双旋＋稻麦秸秆不还田（非保护性耕作对照,CK）,麦稻双免＋稻麦秸秆还田（WRNT）,麦免＋稻旋＋小麦秸秆还田（WNRCT）和麦稻垄作＋稻麦秸秆还田（WRRT）4个处理。研究结果表明,与对照相比,保护性耕作加强了0~10 cm 土层的蓄水能力；相关性分析表明,土壤蓄水能力与土壤团聚体平均质量直径呈显著负相关,抗蚀性与总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关。免耕显著提高了土壤抗蚀性 K 值和抗蚀性指数。不同耕作措施对小麦产量的影响差异不显著,小麦产量以麦免＋稻旋处理最高,但小麦的稳产性以麦稻垄作＋水稻秸秆还田处理最高,麦稻双免次之。不同耕作措施对水稻产量的影响差异显著,水稻产量及产量稳定性都以麦免＋稻旋最高。不同的耕作措施对土壤性状和作物产量的影响存在差异。A long-term experiment was conducted to study the effects of tillage measures on soil water storage and corrosion resistance and crop yield under rice-wheat rotation.The treatments were wheat and rice double rotation with no straw returning （non conservation tillage control,CK ）,wheat and rice no-tillage with wheat and rice straw returning （WRNT）,wheat no-tillage and rice rotation with rice straw returning （WNRCT）and wheat and rice ridge no-tillage with wheat and rice straw returning （WRRT）.The results showed that compared with the control, conservational tillage increased water storage capacity of 0 - 10cm soil layer.Correlation analysis showed that water storage capacity significantly negatively correlated with mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, soil corrosion resistance was positively correlated with total porosity and capillary porosity,no-tillage significantly increased soil erodibility K value and erodibility index.No significant effect of tillage treatment was noted on wheat yield.The highest wheat yield was obtained under WNRCT,while the yield stability under WRRT ranked first,followed by WRNT. Significant effect of tillage treatment was noted on rice yield and rice yield stability,with highest rice yield and rice yield stability under WNRCT.Effects of tillage treatments on soil properties and crop yield differed.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 土壤蓄水抗蚀性 稻麦轮作 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]