中国城市就业吸纳能力及其影响因素研究——基于286个地级市就业弹性的分析  

Research on Employment Absorbance Capacity of Chinese Cities and Its Influential Factors——Analysis of Employment Elasticity Based on 286 Prefecture-level Cities

作　　者：田野[1] 李平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院工业经济系,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《西部论坛》2014年第2期43-54,共12页West Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71073173);中国社会科学院创新工程项目"科技创新战略与科技政策研究评价"

摘　　要：采用弧弹性方法测算我国286个地级市的就业弹性,从城市规模和所处区域两个层面分析不同城市就业吸纳能力的差异,并进一步考察高就业弹性是否以牺牲城市劳动生产率为代价以及不同规模城市就业弹性差异的影响因素,研究结果表明:中国城市就业吸纳能力失衡问题较为突出,较大规模城市和东部城市总体上具有更高的就业弹性;各类城市的第三产业就业弹性普遍较高;较大规模城市和东部城市在绝对数值上具有更高的劳动生产率,但城市就业吸纳能力在增速上与城市生产效率存在替代关系;较大规模城市的较强就业吸纳能力取决于多种因素,包括工业化发展阶段、城市就业结构、城市化进程、基础设施与公共服务水平以及城市民营与外资经济发展水平等。This paper measures employment elasticity of 286 Chinese prefecture-level cities by using arc elasticity, analyzes the employment absorbance capacity difference in different cities from such two levels as city size and urban regions, further examines whether high employment elasticity is at the price of sacrificing urban labor productivity and studies the influential factors of employment elasticity difference in different cities, and the research results show that there is significant problem in the imbalance of employment absorbance capacity in Chinese cities, that there is in general relatively higher employment elasticity in the cities with larger scale and in eastern cities, that the employment elasticity of the tertiary industry in all kinds of cities is generally higher, that the cities with larger scale and in east part of China have higher labor productivity in absolute number, however, there is substituting relationship between the growth of urban employment absorbance capacity and urban production efficiency , that the stronger employment absorbance capacity of the cities with larger scale depends on many factors such as industrializing development stage, urban employment structure, urbanization process, infrastructure and public service level, urban private and foreign economy development level and so on.

关 键 词：城市就业弹性 城市规模 城市就业吸纳能力 城市劳动生产率 城市就业结构 城市产业结构 工业化阶段 城市化进程 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F224[经济管理—国民经济]