航天器解体模型研究的新进展  

Recent progress on spacecraft breakup model

作　　者：兰胜威[1] 柳森[1] 李毅[1] 黄洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《实验流体力学》2014年第2期73-78,104,共7页Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics

基　　金：国防科工局空间碎片专项(kjsp-07401)

摘　　要：航天器解体模型用于描述航天器因爆炸或碰撞解体所产生碎片的数量、尺寸、面质比以及速度等特性的分布规律,对于空间碎片环境建模与演化、空间碎片撞击风险评估及空间解体事件分析具有重要意义。分析了目前广泛使用的NASA标准解体模型的特点,介绍了近年来国内外在航天器解体模型方面的研究进展。国外的研究主要介绍了日本九州大学和德国EMI实验室开展的卫星撞击试验以及NASA最近启动的新一轮卫星撞击研究项目。国内的研究主要介绍中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)开展的卫星撞击试验和仿真研究,以及在此基础上发展的CARDC-SBM航天器碰撞解体模型,并比较分析了该模型与NASA标准解体模型的差别。对当前航天器解体模型研究存在的不足进行了分析,提出了下一步应关注的研究方向。Spacecraft breakup model is used to describe the distributions of number,size,area-to-mass ratio and velocity increment of debris produced in spacecraft fragmentation due to explosion or impact.It is important for space debris environment modeling,impact risk assessment and emergency breakup events analysis.The basic forms and features of NASA standard breakup model which is widely used currently are introduced.The shortcomings of this model revealed in typical satellite impact events are analyzed.The main research advances on spacecraft breakup modeling aimed to improve and revise the current model in recent years are introduced.These research advances include the small satellite impact tests conducted by Kyushu University,the cube satellite impact tests and numerical simulations performed by Ernst-Mach Institute,and NASA’ s new satellite impact project started in 2011,in which a high fidelity satellite named DebrisSat will be manufactured and impacted.The spacecraft breakup model in China is focused on the studies performed by China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center （CARDC）.A series impact tests of simulated satellites in different size and mass are conducted and numerical analysis for more than twenty fragmentation cases are finished.A new spacecraft impact breakup model named CARDC-SBM is constructed based on these test and numerical results.The differences between CARDC-SBM model and NASA standard breakup model are presented in this paper.The problems and disadvantages in these current breakup model studies are analyzed,then the future research focused,such as the effect of impact conditions and the influence of different space materials,is indicated.

关 键 词：航天器 解体模型 综述 空间碎片 超高速撞击 

分 类 号：V414.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]