细菌流行病学监测与分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of prevalent bacteria

作　　者：李新芳[1] 沈定玉[1] 顾永华[1] 刘月秀[2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州市立医院东区感染管理科,江苏苏州215001 [2]苏州大学附属第一医院感染管理科,江苏苏州215001

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2014年第9期2099-2101,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：苏州市科技计划基金资助项目(SYSD2012173)

摘　　要：目的监测并分析某医院主要流行菌株及其耐药性,为临床预防和治疗细菌感染提供依据。方法对该院2009-2012年所分离病原菌及耐药性进行回顾性分析,使用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计分析。结果 2009-2012年共分离病原菌12 068株,主要流行菌株为白色假丝酵母菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌,其中白色假丝酵母菌每年检出率均为最高,而鲍氏不动杆菌检出率从2010年始骤然升高,超出2009年的3倍,其他4种病原菌检出率变化不大;鲍氏不动杆菌对各种抗菌药物的耐药率从2010年始急剧升高,总耐药率从2009年的50.81%升高至2010年的81.32%,铜绿假单胞菌和嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的耐药率4年来一直居高不下,总耐药率63.51%～75.85%,而肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药率在2012年有明显下降,分别从38.10%、47.93%下降至31.74%、41.28%。结论该院最常见流行菌株为白色假丝酵母菌,近3年来可能处于鲍氏不动杆菌的流行状态,铜绿假单胞菌和嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的耐药率居高不下,而肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药率在2012年明显改善。OBJECTIVE To monitor the major species of prevalent bacteria in a hospital and analyze the drug resistance so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.METHODS From 2009 through 2012,the distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens were retrospectively analyzed,and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS 11.5software.RESULTS A total of 12 068strains of pathogens have been isolated in 2009-2012,among which the prevalent species were the Candida albicans,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,and Acinetobacter baumannii.The isolation rate of the C.albicans was the highest in each year;the isolation rate of A.baumannii began to increase significantly from 2010,three times higher than that in 2009;the isolation rates of the rest of 4 species did not vary significantly.The drug resistance rate of the A.baumannii began to increase significantly from 2010,with the overall drug resistance rate increasing from 50.81%in 2009to 81.32%in 2010;the drug resistance rates of the P.aeruginosaand S.maltophiliaremained high during the four years,with the total drug resistance rate varying from 63.51%to 75.85%;however,the drug resistance rates of the K.pneumoniae and E.coli decreased significantly in 2012,decreasing respectively from 38.10% and 47.93% to 31.74% and 41.28%. CONCLUSIONThe C.albicanis the most prevalent species in the hospital;the A.baumannii might be the prevalent species in the past three years.The drug resistance rates of the P.aeruginosaand S.maltophiliaremain high, while the drug resistance rates of the K.pneumoniae and E.coli are significantly improved in 2012.

关 键 词：病原菌 流行病学 耐药性 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]