不同特质信息条件下儿童特质推理的比较  

Children's Trait Inferences in Different Trait Information Conditions

作　　者：杨峰[1] 李秀丽[1] 王美芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2014年第2期329-333,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(312711040);山东省"十二五"高校特色重点学科(发展与教育心理学)资助

摘　　要：采用个别访谈法考察5岁组、7岁组和9岁组儿童在三种特质信息条件(仅特质范畴信息、仅特质特性信息、特质范畴/特性信息)下的特质推理及推理依据情况。结果发现:①从总体上看,儿童对积极特质的推理成绩要高于对消极特质的推理成绩。②在特质特性条件与特质范畴/特性信息条件(既提供特质范畴信息又提供特质特性信息)下,三个年龄组儿童的特质推理成绩均无显著差异,而在特质范畴信息条件下,9岁组儿童的特质推理成绩显著高于5岁组儿童。③在特质范畴信息或者特质特性信息条件下,三个年龄组儿童均主要依据所提供的信息进行推理;在特质范畴/特质特性信息条件下,5岁组和7岁组儿童依据特质范畴信息或特质特性信息进行推理的人次基本相当,9岁组儿童更多地依据特质范畴信息进行特质推理。The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of children＇s trait inferences under three informa- tion conditions（trait category information, trait property information and trait category/property information）. A total of 96 children from three age groups（5, 7, and 9 age） participated in the study. The major results were as follows： （~As a whole, the score on the positive trait inference was higher on the negative trait. ~9-age group got higher prediction scores than 5- age group under the trait category condition. However, there were no significant differences among three age groups under the other two conditions. ~Under trait category and trait property conditions, children from three age groups mainly pro- cessed trait inferences based on the given information. However, under the trait category/property condition, children at 9 years tended to make trait inferences on the basis of trait category information rather than trait property information, while children at 5 and 7 years old did not show this trend. Conclusion： Under trait property information condition, there were no significant differences of inference score between three age groups. However, under trait category information condition, compared with children at 5 and 7 years old, children at 9 years old were more likely to make appropriate trait inferences and regard trait category information as the basis of inferences.

关 键 词：儿童 特质推理 特质范畴 特质特性 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]