以色列国防军中的阿拉伯士兵——身份尴尬的少数民族与兵役义务  

Arab Soldiers in Israel Defense Forces——The Dilemma of Their Civic Obligations as a Minority

作　　者：王宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院西亚系

出　　处：《世界民族》2014年第2期74-84,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(13YJA850017)的中期成果

摘　　要：以色列实行全民义务兵役制,但占全国人口20%的阿拉伯公民并没有被要求服兵役,唯一的例外是德鲁兹社团,该社团于1956年被正式纳入以色列义务兵役制。除德鲁兹义务兵之外,在以军中还有阿拉伯志愿兵,每年约有数百名阿拉伯青年自愿参军服役。以军中的阿拉伯士兵是非常特殊的群体,他们的入伍动机及军中地位和发展跟犹太士兵都有所不同。这些阿拉伯士兵通过参军,改善其个人、家庭甚至整个社团的社会地位和经济状况,但却被绝大多数阿拉伯人视为背叛者。以军中阿拉伯士兵人数虽然不多,却受到广泛关注,社会影响也比较大。对以军中阿拉伯士兵的研究有助于我们深入了解以色列阿拉伯人的生存状况及其与国家的关系。Although compulsory military service is implemented in Israel, the Arab citizens, who constitute 20 percent of the total population, are excluded. The only exception was made for the members of the Druze community, who are currently the only Arab group whose males are required to undergo compulsory military service along with the Jews. Members of other Arab communities serve in the Israeli Defense Forces （IDF） as volunteers. Arab soldiers constitute a very special sub-group in the IDF, with their special motivation and status within the IDF. Most Arab volunteers join the army mainly to improve the economic and social status of their communities, their families and themselves; but they are regarded as traitors by overwhelming majority of Arab people. The Arab soldiers in IDF, although small in number, have drawn much attention from Israeli government, society and the media. Analyzing these Arab soldiers is important for better understanding Israel＇ s minority policy and the dilemmas and complexity that the Arab minorities face in their life in Israel.

关 键 词：以色列 军队 义务兵役制 阿拉伯人少数民族 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学] E382[军事—军事理论]