亦商亦盗:灶户管理模式转变与明中期泉州沿海地方动乱  

Double Identities as Trader and Pirate: the Shift of Zaohu Management Mode and the Turmoils during the Middle Ming Dynasty in the Coastal City Quanzhou

作　　者：叶锦花[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学经济学院

出　　处：《学术研究》2014年第5期107-115,160,共9页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目青年项目"明清灶户制度运作与福建盐场社会变迁"(13CZS023)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：明初,在本色盐课和亲身应役的户役制度下,泉州灶户被束缚于盐场。随着正统年间盐课折米及里甲赋役改革,明中叶灶户管理模式发生转变,官府对灶户的管理重心转向货币赋税的征收。泉州灶户人身控制减弱、职业不再受限制,生计出现多样化。而改折后的盐政运作亦迫使灶户买米卖盐。以此为契机,泉州灶户广泛进行海上贸易,在海道不靖及明廷厉行海禁、开海后船引额数有限的情况下,灶户或"与贼为市",或参与海盗集团,亦商亦盗。明中叶泉州沿海地区动乱与当地海上贸易繁荣而国家推行海禁政策不无有关系,而灶户管理模式转变及泉州沿海社会变迁是其更为深刻的社会机制。The turmoils during the mid Ming dynasty in Quanzhou's coastal area can be partly attributed to the prosperity of maritime trade in the area and the sea-restriction policy pursued by the government, however, the shift of the Zaohu(salt producer family) management and the social changes in this area serves as a more profound social mechanism. At first, tax can only be paid with salt and unpaid service labors, the Zaohu were confined in the saltworks. During the Zhengtong period, with the reforms of tax system and service system, the management mode of Zaohu was transformed. The Zaohu were required to sell salt and purchase rice, and they take it as an opportunity to participate actively in maritime trade. But under the unpeaceful environment, the Zaohu might either trade with the pirates, or be members of the pirate group, so, in the official 's eyes, it's a cesspool of bandits.

关 键 词：灶户 管理模式 动乱 明中期 泉州 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]