有备无患:运动员自备比赛器械参赛的三冗余理论  

Be Prepared:The Triple-Redundancy Theory of Self-providing Competitive Apparatus for Athletes in Competition

作　　者：王效红[1] 石岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学体育学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2014年第3期139-144,F0003,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局重点研究领域攻关课题(2013B029)

摘　　要：运用文献资料调研、访谈和逻辑分析等方法,提出运动员自备比赛器械参赛的三冗余问题,并对其进行理论分析。主要结论:1)在运动员参赛系统中,运动员自备比赛器械参赛的三冗余起着基础性和根本性作用。比赛中,在理想状态下,运动员可以以良好的竞技状态参赛,正常发挥竞技水平;当比赛器械出现意外或突发事件时,运动员能迅速利用冗余器械(或者用关键部位或易损件的冗余部件)做出反应,调整竞技状态,正常参赛;2)在经费、器材质量和维护等因素限制条件下,把三冗余定为运动员自备比赛器械参赛的基本原则;3)运动员对自备比赛器械参赛三冗余基本原则的应用中,确定冗余度的依据有运动项目的竞赛规则、赛制、运动员的训练和参赛经验、运动员对对手的重视程度;对备用器械的换用依据有比赛条件、运动员的主观感觉、比赛器械故障或损坏和针对对手技术特点的战术选择需要;4)国际乒联新规则出台后,运动员自备比赛器械参赛的三冗余理论在中国乒乓球队参加世界大赛中有所体现。By using the literature review, interview and logic analysis, this paper analyzes triple- redundancy of self-providing competitive apparatus for athletes in competition. The conclusions are as follows： 1） In the system of athletes competing in,＂ the triple-redundancy of self-provi- ding competitive apparatus for athletes in competition＂ plays a basic and fundamental role. Un- der ideal conditions, the athletes can perform the normal competitive level with a good competi- tive state in competition;when the competitive apparatus has accidents or emergencies, the ath- letes can quickly take advantage of the redundant apparatus （or redundant components of key parts or wearing parts） to react, adjust the competitive state, and make sure that the competi- tion goes smoothly. 2） Due to the limits of funding, apparatus quality and maintenance, the tri- ple-redundancy is set up as the basic principle for the athletes to provide the competitive appa- ratus by them. 3） In the application of the basic principles, redundancy is determined by the competition rules, the competition system, the athletes ＇ experience of training and competition and to what degree the athletes take the rivals seriously ; some factors should be taken into con- sideration when adopting the back-up--competing conditions, subjective feeling of the athletes and the breakdown, damage of competitive apparatus or the needs of tactical options against ri- val＇s technology. 4） After introduction of ITTF new rules,＂the triple-redundancy theory of self-providing competitive apparatus for athletes in competition＂ was applied by Chinese table tennis team in the international competition.

关 键 词：运动员 自备比赛器械 三冗余 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]