英汉语中的现时相关性与时间距离性  

Present relevance and time remoteness in English and Chinese

作　　者：于秀金[1] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学外国语学院,山东省曲阜市273165

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2014年第3期337-350,479,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

摘　　要：本文基于ERS时体理论研究发现,英汉过去和将来事件的现时相关性均有特定的语法表征手段,现时相关性体现为时范畴而非体范畴,其与时的关联具有隐性特征。在将来事件的现时相关表征中,英语be-结构表示现在时(be为现在时),汉语句尾时间助词"了"表示"现在时+起始体"。在其他时间词阙如的简单句中,"要/快要"表示现在时,"会/将会/将要"表示将来时。在过去事件的现时相关表征中,英汉语都有"现在时+起始体/持续体/经历体/完成体"四种时与体的配置。英汉语客观/主观时间距离与近时和远时无关,即过去时或将来时没有必要区分近时和远时。"过去时=距离性"的观点不妥,英语用过去时表虚拟、委婉或礼貌等情态是语法标记的经济性原则所致。Based on ERS tense-aspect theory,the research finds that both English and Chinese have particular grammatical forms to express present relevance to past and future events.Present relevance embodies tense but not aspect.Present relevance to tense appears to be covert.In the expression of present relevance to future events,English'be-structures'express present tense('be' in present tense)and Chinese sentence-final time particle'le'indicates present tense and ingressive aspect.In simple sentences without other time words in Chinese,some modal words like 'yao/kuai yao'express present tense while'hui/jiang hui/jiang yao'indicate future tense.In the expression of present relevance to past events,both English and Chinese have four kinds of tense-aspect allocations,namely,present tense+ingressive/progressive/experiential/perfect aspects.Objective/subjective time remoteness in both English and Chinese doesnt hold a relation with proximate/remote tense.That is to say,the past/future tense does not exhibit a proximate/ remote distinction,thus arguing against'past tense is equal to remoteness'.That past tense may express subjunctive,euphemistic and polite modality can be attributed to the economy principle of grammatical markers.

关 键 词：时 体 ERS 现时相关 时间距离 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]