六种城市行道树叶表皮重金属元素含量及形态结构的研究  

Study on the heavy metal content and morphological structure of leaf epidermal of six species urban street trees

作　　者：王磊[1] 刘静[1] 谷利伟[1] 邢怡[1] 张大维[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《电子显微学报》2014年第2期172-179,共8页Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society

基　　金：哈尔滨师范大学科技发展预研项目(No.11XYG-13)

摘　　要：利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线能谱仪(EDS)对哈尔滨6种城市行道树叶表皮重金属(铬、镍、锌、铜、铅、镉)含量和形态结构特征进行了观察和分析。结果表明:交通流量大的路段、交通流量相对较小的路段、公园中的行道树叶表皮重金属含量(Cu、Zn除外)呈下降趋势;垂榆(Ulmus pumila var.pendula)中Cr元素含量较高,榆叶梅(Prunus triloba)Ni元素的含量较高,旱柳(Salix matsudana)Cd元素含量较高,小叶丁香(Syringa microphylla)和紫丁香(S.oblata)Pd元素含量较高。行道树叶表皮具有脊状突起和不规则排列的气孔;仅旱柳下表皮蜡质表层较厚;家榆(U.pumila)具有纤毛,小叶丁香具有腺毛,榆叶梅具有单细胞不分支的毛。通过对行道树叶表皮的重金属元素含量分析及形态结构的观察,探讨了城市行道树对重金属元素颗粒吸滞能力,为城市防污绿化树种的选择、生物监测和环境质量评价提供科学理论依据和参考价值。The heavy metal （ Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pd, Cd） content and morphological structure of leaf epidermal of six species urban street trees in Harbin were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscope （SEM） and x-ray energy spectrometers （EDX）. The results show that heavy metal（ except Cu ,Zn）content of leaf epidermal decline in heavy traffic, traffic flow relatively small sections and parks; Cr, Ni, Cd in leaf epidermal is of high level in Ulmus pumila vat. pendula, P. triloba and Salix matsudana, respectively, as is Pd in both Syringa microphylla and S. oblate. The leaf epidermis of urban street trees are with ridge and irregular arranged stoma. The thicker waxy layer only exists on Salix matsudana lower epidermis. The cilia, glandular hairs and unicellular unbranched and straight hairs exist on the lower epidermis of U. pumila, S. microphylla, P. triloba, respectively. The heavy metal element content of leaf epidermal of urban street trees was analyzed, together with the observation of epidermal, discussing absorption capacity of urban street trees for heavy metal element particles and providing the scientific theoretical basis and reference value to pick out the antifouling and greening species for urban, monitor biology and evaluate the environmental quality.

关 键 词：重金属 城市行道树 X-射线能谱仪 扫描电子显微镜 

分 类 号：S687.1[农业科学—观赏园艺] X173[农业科学—园艺学]