放归普氏野马粪便含水量及颗粒大小的季节变化及性别差异  

Seasonal variation and sex differences in fecal water content (WC) and mean particle size (MPS) of releasing Przewalski's horses

作　　者：张永军[1,2] 胡德夫[1] 季荣[2] 曹青[3] 初红军[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,濒危物种非损伤研究技术实验室,北京10083 [2]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [3]普林斯顿大学进化及生态学系,新泽西洲美国08544 [4]阿勒泰地区林业局,新疆阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第2期259-264,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(30970545);国家国际科技合作计划资助(No.2010DFA92720-20)

摘　　要：粪便含水量(WC)和平均颗粒大小(MPS)反映了有蹄类动物体内水份平衡状况及咀嚼效率和消化率,是有蹄类动物在特定环境中生存对策的重要体现。放归普氏野马如何适应干旱环境,是重引入项目的重要研究内容。通过采集到卡拉麦里自然保护区内春、夏、秋季共65份放归野马新鲜粪样,测定粪便含水量和粪便颗粒大小(湿筛法),并比较了这2个指标的季节和性别差异。结果表明:总体上,野马MPS在春季(3.98±0.08mm)显著高于夏季(3.65±0.05mm);春季头马MPS显著高于雌马(t=2.784,P=0.015),但夏、秋季两者无明显差异。春(73.17±1.05%)、夏(70.56±0.99%)、秋(68.12±0.79%)三季野马粪便WC依次降低,但差异不显著。头马的WC在春、夏、秋三季均高于雌马,在春季达极显著差异水平。研究表明:放归野马粪便MPS和WC的季节和性别差异,与环境中可用食物和水源优劣度及不同性别在家族群中承担的角色有关。Fecal water content （ WC ） and mean particle size （ MPS ） reflect the capacity of water balance and chewing efficiency in ungulates, which are important strategies for ungulates to survival under particular environ- ments. How to adapt to arid environments is an important research project of Reintroduction of Przewalski＇ s horses. We collected totally 65 fresh feces of releasing horses during spring, summer, and autumn in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China, and we measured the water content and particle size （wet sieving method） of these feces, then compared the seasonal and sex differences. The results show that the MPS was significantly higher in spring （3.98 ＋ 0.08 mm） than in summer （3.65 ＋ 0.05mm） ; MPS of the stallions was significantly higher than that of the female horses in the spring, but there were no significant differences in summer and autumn. WC of total horses in spring （73.17 ＋ 1.05%）, summer （70.56 ~ 0.99%）, and autumn （68.12 ＋ 0.79%） decreased gradually, but no significant difference was found. WC of stallion was higher than that of the mares in each season, and the difference was significant in the spring. This study shows that the variation in WC and MPS of releasing Przewalski＇s horses may be related to the availability of food and water sources, and may be related to their role in the population, too.

关 键 词：粪便颗粒 粪便含水量 普氏野马 放归 适应 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]