不同耕作措施对玉米产量和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Maize Yield and Soil Physical and Chemical Characters of Maize Field

作　　者：张德健[1] 路战远 张向前 景振举 姚仲军 程玉臣 王玉芬[1] 张建中 白海 咸丰 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031 [3]喀喇沁旗农业技术推广站,内蒙古赤峰024400 [4]喀喇沁旗乃林镇科技服务站,内蒙古赤峰024417

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第12期209-213,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目"旱作农业与农业节水技术研究与示范"(20110709)

摘　　要：为了研究不同耕作方式对土壤理化性状和玉米产量及经济效益的影响,通过传统翻耕、浅旋根茬还田常规播种和机械灭茬免耕播种3种耕作方式对玉米田土壤水分、土壤速效养分、玉米产量性状及产量和经济效益影响的比较,明确了不同耕作措施对玉米田土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:机械灭茬免耕播种和浅旋根茬还田常规播种的出苗率、不同土层含水量、玉米产量性状、单位产量及总收益均高于传统翻耕,且浅旋根茬还田常规播种和机械灭茬免耕播种的出苗率比传统翻耕高3.3%和7.8%,不同层次土壤含水量、土壤养分的大小顺序均为机械灭茬免耕播种>浅旋根茬还田常规播种>传统翻耕,机械灭茬免耕播种和浅旋根茬还田常规播种处理的玉米产量比分别高9.01%和3.23%,纯收入比CK增加4305元/hm2和1965元/hm2,即分别比CK高出36.98%和17.65%。说明机械灭茬免耕播种措施最好,而浅旋根茬还田常规播种耕作方法又优于传统翻耕。In order to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil of physicochemical properties and maize yield and economic benefit, the paper made the comparison of different factors among three methods including conventional tillage tillage conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field and no-tillage with mechanical stubble breaking. The results showed that, the emergence rate, soil water content of different soil layers, maize yield traits, maize yield, total income and pure income of conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field and no-tillage with mechanical stubble breaking were all higher than the conventional tillage, the emergence rate of conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field and no-tillage with mechanical stubble were 3.3% and 7.8% higher than that of the conventional tillage, the soil water content of different soil layers and soil available nutrient content showed no-tillage with mechanical stubble breaking rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field 〉 conventional tillage 〉 conventional sowing with shallow The maize yield of no-tillage with mechanical stubble breaking and conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field were 9.01% and 3.23% higher than that of conventional tillage, the pure income increased by 4305 yuan/hm^2 and 1965 yuan/hm^2, and higher than 36.98% and 17.65% than that of the conventional tillage. This indicated that no-tillage with mechanical stubble breaking was the best tillage methods, and conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field was better than the conventional tillage.

关 键 词：不同耕作措施 玉米 土壤水分 土壤养分 产量 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]