对婴幼儿髋关节低剂量X线检查防护价值的探讨研究  

The study of the protective value of low-dose X-ray examination in the infants hips

作　　者：徐正扬[1] 胡坚兴 宋国权[1] 李小龙[1] 吴南洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院放射诊断科,北京100853

出　　处：《中国医刊》2014年第5期51-53,共3页Chinese Journal of Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨婴幼儿(≤2周岁)髋关节正位片低剂量X线检查的防护价值。方法采用数字摄影DR成像技术,选择100例小儿髋关节正位片X线检查者用20.0 mAs和5.0 mAs随机分成两组进行放射检查,管电压77kV,采用自定标准盲式评估方法对两组曝光剂量下的图像质量进行评估,并对曝光剂量和曝光时间进行对比。结果检查mAs从20.0降至5.0时,平均曝光剂量由原来的14.6738 dGycm^2降至3.6812 dGycm^2,下降幅度为74.91%;平均曝光时间由原来的23.6ms降至5.92ms,下降幅度为74.16%。选择5.0 mAs进行检查时图像噪声略有增大,但检查的图像质量能达到医学影像诊断要求,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论以5.0 mAs检查的图像质量完全能满足临床与影像诊断的要求,同时大大降低了婴幼儿髋关节正位片X线检查的辐射剂量。Objective The purpose of this article is to explore the protective value of low-dose X-ray examination in the infants （≤2 years old ） hips by using antero-posterior film . Method Digital radiography was employed to ac-quiring the antero-posterior images in selected 100 pediatric coxae. All children were randomly divided into two groups for photography according to the use of tube current of 20 mAs and 5. 0 mAs. The scanning parameter of tube voltage is 77kV. The home-made scoring standard anddouble-blind method were used to assess the images quality in both groups,as well as the exposure dose were calculated for comparison. Result With the mAs of photography drop-ping from 20 mAs to 5 mAs, the average exposure dose decreased 74. 91% （from 14. 6738 dGycm2 to 3. 6812 dGy-cm2）, the mean exposure time also decreased 74. 16% （from 23. 6ms down 5. 92ms ）. The noise of 5. 0 mAs ima-ges are slightly increased, but the qualities of photographic images were assessed by two experienced radiologists and achieve the requirements of medical image diagnosis（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The image quality scanned by 5. 0 mAs can meet the requirements of clinical diagnosis, meanwhile, greatly reduced the radiation dose for infants and young children.

关 键 词：婴幼儿 髋关节 数字摄影 辐射防护 

分 类 号：R445.4[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]