潮汐环境下细颗粒泥沙沉降速度研究述评Ⅱ——计算方法与公式  

Review on settling velocity of fine sediment in tidal environment 2: Formulation

作　　者：万远扬[1,2] 吴华林 沈淇 顾峰峰 

机构地区：[1]上海河口海岸科学研究中心,上海201201 [2]联合国教科文组织-水教育学院

出　　处：《水运工程》2014年第4期16-20,共5页Port & Waterway Engineering

基　　金：交通运输部科技项目(2012329A06040);国家自然科学基金(41206072)

摘　　要：作为"潮汐环境下细颗粒泥沙沉降速度研究述评"的第二部分,详细介绍了在潮汐环境下确定细颗粒泥沙沉降速度的计算公式与相关方法。通过正式文献可以考证的,关于细颗粒泥沙沉速的计算公式逾百种,每个公式均有其一定理论或经验的背景,本文系统地分析并对比了不同背景的计算公式和方法:1)以粒径为主要因子的半经验公式(武水公式、Stocks公式等),忽略了细颗粒泥沙的基本沉降特性;2)以含沙量为主要变量的泥沙沉速经验公式,不同研究者得到的结果或者公式的参数差异较大,在没有确认其计算条件、计算方法、测量工具、适用条件前,需谨慎选择,不能简单吸纳,尤其是在盐淡水混合的潮汐环境下,其相关关系和影响因子具有较强的特定性;3)劳斯公式拟合法所得的"有效沉速",在计算过程把不同因子导致的泥沙颗粒向下的运动均归为泥沙重力沉降过程,物理概念不清晰;4)麦克劳林公式计算细颗粒泥沙沉速,符合沉速的物理定义,其理论性和物理意义也较强。This paper is the second part of a series reviews on the settling velocity of fine sediment in a tidal environment. Based on many domestic and foreign literatures,we discuss and compare the methods for determining the settling velocity and its formulation. In past relevant studies,a number of empirical or semi-empirical formulas are proposed,each of which has its own applicable condition and limitation. Here the background of these methods and formulas are presented to remind us of making a reasonable choice during practical application. The conclusions are as follows：1） The D50-oriented formula can not take account in the basic feature of settling for fine sediment,so it is not recommended;2） The SSC-oriented formula is site-and case-specified,the coefficients vary dramatically with different studies,one should be careful on the applicability;3） The Rouse formula can not distinguish the settling component of gravitational settling from the overall downward movement;4） Due to the strict physical meaning,the McLaughlin formula is recommended for formulating the settling velocity of fine sediment.

关 键 词：潮汐环境 细颗粒泥沙 沉降速度 经验公式 长江口 

分 类 号：TV856[水利工程—水利水电工程]