广州地区近十年来霾天气近地层流场特征研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Surface Flow Field in Hazy Days over Guangzhou Area

作　　者：吴蒙[1] 范绍佳[1] 吴兑[1,2] 王世强[1] 黄爱玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510275 [2]中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广东广州510080

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第5期82-88,98,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2011CB403403);国家自然科学基金项目资助(41275017);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20120171110028)

摘　　要：利用2001-2010年广州地面气象站逐时风速、风向、湿度、能见度等观测资料以及欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)10 m风场再分析资料,通过计算逐日局地环流指数(R系数)等方法,研究了近10年广州地区地面风场与能见度的关系,同时还利用聚类分析统计了广州出现霾天气时的大尺度流场特征。结果表明:广州地区出现灰霾天气时,夜间风速多数时候小于1.0 m/s,白天风速虽然较大,但是依然不足1.5 m/s,最大值风速出现在14-15时左右;R系数能够很好地反映出风场的有效输送能力,平均R系数与能见度的相关性较好,当R系数约小于0.75时,广州能见度小于10 km;导致广州地区出现灰霾天气的流场可主要划分为冷气团型、暖气团型和台风型3种,其中冷气团型主要出现在干季,暖气团型主要出现在湿季,台风型总数较少并且多数出现在湿季。Based on the weather data, e.g. wind speed, wind direction, humidity and visibility measured by the Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory, as well as the reanalysis information regarding the 10 m-wind-field obtained from ECMWF during the period of 2001-2010, this paper elucidates the study about the relationship between surface flow field and visibility over the last ten years on the basis of the calculation by RF （recirculation factor）; besides, the types of large scale flow field in hazy days has been summarized by cluster analysis. Findings of the study suggested that when hazy weather emerged in Guangzhou area, wind speed during nighttime was mostly smaller than 1.0 m/s, and larger in daytime, but yet smaller than 1.5 m/s; the maximum wind speed occurred at the time around 14：00 to 15：00. The paper concluded that RF could well reflect the transportation capacity of wind field, the mean RF was well related to the mean visibility, e.g. when RF was smaller than 0.75, Guangzhou＇ s visibility was smaller than 10 km. In addition, types of large scale flow field which led to hazy weather emerged in Guangzhou could be categorized into three kinds, i.e., cold air mass type, warm air mass type and typhoon type; the cold air mass type mainly occurred in dry season, warm air mass type in wet season, and the occurrence of typhoon was not common, it mainly happened in wet season.

关 键 词：覆 流场 局地环流 广州地区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]