超声波处理含油污水的物性实验探究  

Physical Property Study on Treatment of Engine-oil Polluted Wastewater by Ultrasound

作　　者：姜秉辰 赵树山[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第5期112-116,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家科技部"863"计划:超大功率超声波油井增油技术及其装备研究项目(2007AA06Z227)

摘　　要：利用超声波处理含工业废机油的污水,阐述了超声波对裂解含油污水中油分子的作用主要是超声波的空化作用。在空化作用产生空化泡后,在局部形成瞬间的高温高压并进而产生强烈冲击波使得泡体周围的油分子键断裂,形成自由基,而后随着超声波的机械效应在污水表面形成一层大分子薄油膜,达到裂解复杂油分子除油的作用。文章通过实验得到了超声波的作用时间、超声功率和频率(40 kHz和28 kHz)对污水作用后对污水粘度和裂解效果的影响。实验表明:在频率相同的情况下,随着功率的增加,污水的粘度下降不断加快,裂解效果先增加后降低,约在70 W左右出现最大值;而在相同功率时间下频率为40 kHz的超声波比28 kHz的超声波作用含油污水后对粘度和裂解效果的影响更大;随着超声时间的增加,污水的粘度和裂解效果将持续下降,但是存在临界值。The method based on ultrasound wave for treatment of engine-oil polluted wastewater was studied with the emphasis on the ultrasound cavitations effect on cracking the oil molecules. The experimental study was conducted which revealed that following cavitation bubbles being produced, the high temperature and high pressure were quickly generated at local spots with intense blast waves that were able to crack the oil molecules bonds and produce free radicals. With the ultrasonic mechanical action, a layer of oil film of macromolecules was formed on the water surface thus playing the role of breaking down complicated oil molecules. Through the experiments, the result was obtained regarding the influence of ultrasonic time, power and frequency （40 kHz and 28 kHz, respectively） on viscosity of the wastewater. The study concluded that under the action of the same ultrasonic frequency, the higher the ultrasonic power exerted the faster of the wastewater viscosity declined; on the other hand, the crack action increased at first and then decreased, and which was maximized around 70 W; in addition, frequency of 40 kHz was stronger than 20 kHz in terms of the effects of ultrasound on viscosity and oil cracking. Furthermore, when the ultrasonic time extended, both the wastewater viscosity and breaking-down effects dropped, but still the respective critical values existed.

关 键 词：裂解 粘度 空化作用 自由基 机械效应 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]