氯化铵处理含钒废水的研究  

Precipitating Treatment of Vanadium Contained Wastewater by Using Ammonia Chloride

作　　者：关洪亮[1] 王杏林[1] 张璐[1] 何东升[1] 余训民[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学环境与城市建设学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第5期122-125,共4页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目资助(2012BAB07B03);武汉市科技局晨光计划项目资助(2013070104010024);湖北省自然科学基金项目资助(2011CDB223);湖北省教育厅科学研究项目资助(Q20121504)

摘　　要：钒是一种非常重要的金属元素,被广泛用于钢铁与机械制造等行业以提高金属的抗拉强度。在钒的冶炼过程中,大量的含钒废水会排放出来,其中钒的含量也远超过《钒工业污染物排放标准》(GB 26452-2011)中规定的排放标准。如果不对含钒废水加以处理,不仅仅是钒资源的浪费,排入环境的钒会对生态系统造成巨大的危害。文章针对湿法提钒工艺排放的含钒废水,提出了用铵盐处理含钒废水的处理工艺。酸性含钒废水中,钒的主要形态为六聚钒酸盐的形态存在(V6O162-),当含废水为50 mL时(含钒207.7 mg/L),5 g/L的NH4Cl用量为25 mL,待反应60 min后,铵离子和六聚钒酸盐生成六聚钒酸铵(APV)沉淀,再通过离心除去沉淀物。该方法操作简单可行,废水中钒的去除率可达96%以上,可为含钒废水的后续达标处理奠定基础。Vanadium is a necessary alloy element and widely used in steel ＆ iron and machinery manufacture fields to improve tensile strength. During the extraction of vanadium, large amounts of wastewater that contained vanadium was produced and the concentration of vanadium in the water was much higher and far exceeded the vanadium discharged standard ruled in Discharge Standard of pollutants for Vanadium Industry. （GB26452-2011）. If it was discharged without proper treatment, not only vanadium in the water was wasted, also the wastewater would cause great damage to the environment and ecosystem. In this paper, a treatment technique for dealing with the vanadium contained water was developed according to the water properties. The main valence state of vanadium in acid wastewater was V6O16^2-, when the wastewater was 50 mL （the content of vanadium was 207.7 mg/L）, 19 mL 5 000 mg/L NHaCI was added to the water and after reaction for 60 min, precipitation was produced from the reaction of ammonium and vanadate, then the precipitation could be removed by centrifugation. The proposed method was simple and available for practical operation. The removing rate for vanadium was up to 96% and the method paved the way for further elimination of vanadium in the wastewater.

关 键 词：含钒废水 氯化铵 沉淀法 动力学 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]