铸造工人职业紧张对生存质量的影响  

The effect of occupational stress to quality of life among foundry workers

作　　者：胡志平[1] 吴成峰[2] 韦宁凯[2] 王勇[1] 丁世旵[2] 张乾驰[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院,安徽合肥230001 [2]铜陵市疾病预防控制中心,安徽铜陵244000

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2014年第3期175-181,共7页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：铜陵市2011年度科技计划项目(2011NS38)

摘　　要：目的了解铸造工人职业紧张对健康的影响。方法整群抽取2家铸造企业651名工人,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对其职业任务、紧张反应和应对资源进行评分,采用生存质量量表(WHOQOLBREF中文版)对其生理、心理、社会和环境领域进行评价,采用SPSS统计软件对职业紧张低、中、高组间生存质量进行方差分析和SNK-q检验,对职业紧张与生存质量的关系进行偏相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果随职业任务及子项(除责任感外)、紧张反应及子项得分的增高,生存质量总分及领域(除职业任务、任务过重、责任感、工作环境、人际关系紧张反应的个别领域外)得分呈降低趋势;随应对资源及各子项得分的增高,生存质量总分及领域(除自我保健的社会领域)得分呈增高趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。相关分析表明,职业任务及子项任务不适、任务模糊、任务冲突,以及紧张反应及各子项得分与生存质量各领域、总得分呈负相关,应对资源及各子项与生存质量各领域、总得分呈正相关。回归分析显示,任务不适、任务冲突、工作环境、躯体紧张反应、心理紧张反应、应对资源各子项对生存质量3个及以上领域得分有影响,是生存质量的主要影响因素。结论铸造工人职业紧张可影响其生存质量。职业任务、紧张反应可降低,而应对资源可提高其生存质量。提高铸造工人生存质量,首先是考虑增加应对资源,提高其适应和控制能力;其次是要消除躯体和心理紧张反应以及合理分配工作,创造良好工作环境等。Objective To study the effect of occupational stress to quality of life among foundry workers. Methods A total of 651 foundry workers from two foundry enterprises were selected using cluster sampling, and occupational stress inventory revised edition （OSI-R） and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire abbreviated version （WHOQOL-BREF） were used to assess occupational stress and quality of life among the foundry workers, respectively. Comparisons of quality of life in different groups of occupational stress were performed by using SNK methods of analysis of variance, and partial correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between occupational stress and quality of life. All the data were analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions （SPSS）. Results The scores of quality of life and its fields （except RO, PE, IS） decreased with occupational stress （except responsibility）, stress reaction and its items, while the scores of quality of life and its fields（except SC） increased with reaction resources and its items, the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Fields and total score of quality of life were negatively correlated with occupational task and its items （role insufficiency, role ambiguity,role boundary）, stress reaction and its items, and positively correlated with coping resources and its items. The role insufficiency, role boundary, physical environment, physical strain, psychological strain, stress reaction and its items were the main influencing factors of quality of life. Conclusions The occupational stress of foundry workers may influence their quality of life. The occupational task and strain could reduce the quality of life, the increased reaction resources of workers could improve the quality of life. So we should pay more attention to increase reaction resources and improve the ability to adapt and control, as well as to eliminate the physical and psychological

关 键 词：铸造工人 职业紧张 生存质量 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]