芦苇、香蒲和藨草3种挺水植物的养分吸收动力学  

Kinetics of nutrient uptake by three emergent plants,Phragmites australis,Typha orientalis and Scirpus triqueter

作　　者：张熙灵[1] 王立新[1,2,3] 刘华民[4] 清华[1] 刘东伟[1] 王炜[4] 梁存柱[2,4] Friedrich Recknagel 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]中美生态、能源及可持续性科学内蒙古研究中心,呼和浩特010021 [3]阿德莱德大学地球与环境科学系,澳大利亚阿德莱德5005 [4]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第9期2238-2245,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B03);国家自然科学基金项目(31060076;41261009)

摘　　要：采用常规耗竭法研究了浅水富营养化湖泊———乌梁素海湖滨植被带3种挺水植物芦苇、香蒲和藨草对H2PO-4、NH+4、NO-3的吸收动力学特征及差异。结果表明:3种挺水植物吸收H2PO-4时,藨草的吸收速率显著大于芦苇和香蒲,但三者对低浓度H2PO-4的适应能力均无显著差异;藨草对NH+4和NO-3的吸收速率均显著大于芦苇和香蒲,且在低浓度NO-3环境下仍能吸收该离子,但对低浓度NH+4环境的适应能力较差;与藨草相比,香蒲对NH+4的亲和力最强,吸收低浓度NH+4的效果最好。3种植物对NH+4的吸收能力均大于NO-3。挺水植物的养分吸收特征具有物种特异性并受根系结构的影响。利用植物的养分吸收特征,在富营养化湖泊生态修复中适宜用藨草治理含高浓度H2PO-4,NH+4和NO-3的水体,修复到一定程度后再种植香蒲来维持水质。The emergent plants may differ in their capacity to assimilate nutrients from eutrophic water bodies, so the utilization of suitable emergent plants is the key part for successful restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes. This research applied the depletion method after plants were grown for 4 weeks in 1/8 Hoagland nutrient solution to study the kinetics of uptake of nutrient （ H_2PO-4, NH＋4, NO-3 ） by the three emergent aquatic plants Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis and Scirpus triqueter dominated in the littoral zones of Wuliangsuhai Lake （40°36＇-41°03＇N, 108°43＇- 108°57＇E） , a shallow eutrophic lake located in Urat Front Banner of Bayannaoer city, Inner Mongolia. The maximum uptake rate （I_max）, Michaelis-Menten constant （K_m） , and Minimum equilibrium concentration （C_min） were estimated by the ion consumption dynamics equation. The I_max for H_2PO-4 of Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, and Scirpus triqueter are 0.3895 μmol g-1（dry weight, DW） h-1, 0.3053 μmol g-lDW h-l, and 0.6330 μmol g-1DW h-1, While the K_m for H_2PO-4 are 0.0637 mmol/L, 0.0645 mmol/L, and 0.0702 mmol/L, respectively. Results indicated that the Scirpus triqueter has a significantly higher uptake rate of H2 PO-4 than Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis, but no differences have been found in the adaptation （tolerance） of the three species to low H_2PO-4 concentrations. The /max for NH4 of Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, and Scirpus triqueter are 8.995 μmol g-1DW h-1, 5.584 μmol g-1DW h-1, and 13.819 μmol g-1DW h-1, While the K_m for NH4 are 1.882 mmol/L, 1.787 mmol/L, and 1.874 mmol/L, respectively. The I_max for NO-3 of Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, and Scirpus triqueter are 3.374 μmol g-1DW h-1, 2.544 μmol g-1DW h-1, and 10.146 μmol g-1 DW h-l, While the K_m for NO-3 are 0.924 mmol/L, 0.884 retooL/L, and 0.847 mmoL/L, respectively. Results indicated that Scirpus triqueter had also highest uptake rates of NH＋4 and NO-3 was tolerant to low NO-3 concentra

关 键 词：芦苇 香蒲 藨草 吸收动力学 富营养化 乌梁素海 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]