长江滩地微生态环境与钉螺分布的关系  

Relationship between Yangtze River floodplain micro ecological environment and distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails

作　　者：赵劲松[1] 汪安云[1] 周书林[1] 

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院,芜湖241002

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2014年第2期127-131,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：安徽省高等学校优秀青年人才基金(2012SQRL121)

摘　　要：目的：探索江滩植被、土壤、水和光照强度等微生态环境因子与钉螺分布的关系，为生态控制钉螺提供基础资料。方法选择长江芜湖段的澛港大桥、龙窝湖外滩和龙窝湖内滩3个区域，调查植物特征（种类、高度、盖度、频度和株丛数）、土壤特征（温度、湿度、pH值）和光照强度等，采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析。结果3个试区共调查920框。植被盖度3.7%～63.5%，江滩的优势种群为莎草群丛，野艾蒿＋辣蓼群丛的平均活螺密度为0只/0.1 m2，较其他群丛差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.01）。土壤温度为19.0～24.0℃，pH为5.0～5.7，湿度为53%～75%，平均活螺数和平均死螺数间差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。光照强度因夏强冬弱，活螺分别存在于背光面和迎光面。调查框离水源近的活螺平均数最多，3个距离段（0～1 m，1～3 m和3～5 m）间差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.01）。结论江滩钉螺的生存和分布与植被、土壤、水和光照强度等微生态环境因子有关。Objective To explore the relationship between the Yangtze River floodplain ecological environment（vegetation, soil,water and light intensity）and the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails,so as to provide the evidence for ecological snail control. Methods Three regions（the Lu-Gang Bridge,Dragon Nest Lake in the bund,and Dragon Nest lake beach）were selected to investigate the plant characteristics（species,height,coverage,frequency and strain of clusters）,soil characteristics （temperature,humidity,light intensity）and pH value. All the results were analyzed statistically with SPSS 18 software. Results A total of 920 boxes were investigated. The vegetation coverage was 3.7%-63.5%,and the dominant population was Cyperusrotun-dus L. cluster on the marshland. The soil temperature was 19.0℃-24.0℃,pH 5.0-5.7,and humidity 53%-75%. There were statis-tical significants in average number of living snails and dead snails among 3 groups（ P＆lt;0.05）. As the light intensity was strong in summer and weak in winter,the snails were in the back surface in summer and front surface in winter respectively. The average number of living snails was the most near the water. The difference was statistical significant（P＆lt;0.01）among three ranges（0-1 m,1-3 m and 3-5 m）. Conclusion The snail survival and distribution have close relations with micro ecological environment factors,such as vegetation,soil,water and light intensity.

关 键 词：钉螺 江滩 微生态环境 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]