含AP非理想炸药爆轰产物分析与计算  

Calculation of Detonation Products for Non-ideal Explosive with AP

作　　者：王彩玲[1] 赵省向[1] 贾铭[1] 刁小强[1] 戴致鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2014年第2期235-239,共5页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：以黑索今(RDX)、氧化剂高氯酸铵(AP)和可燃剂铝粉(Al)组成的非理想炸药体系为研究对象,采集了8个非理想炸药在密闭爆炸容器中爆炸产生的气相产物和凝聚相产物,用热分析—质谱联用技术、傅里叶红外光谱仪、气相色谱仪和X射线荧光分析仪等分析了爆轰气相产物和凝聚相产物。用盖斯定律计算了非理想炸药的爆热,并与试验值进行了比较。结果表明,在这种爆炸条件下,爆轰产物主要由N2、H2、CO2、H2O、CH4、CO等气体和Al、Al2O3、AlCl3、C等固体组成。随着非理想炸药正氧平衡数的增加,N2、H2O、CO2、O2和HCl的生成量一直增加,而Al2O3、AlCl3、H2和CO的生成量则先增加后减小,Al和C的生成量则一直减小。氧平衡数为-22.4%^-29.7%之间的非理想炸药配方的爆热测量值在8773~8813 J·g-1之间,计算值和测量值相对误差小于1%,两者符合较好。Taking non-ideal explosive composed of hexogen（ RDX）,oxidant ammonium perchlorate（ AP） and combustible agent aluminium（ Al） powder as the research object,the gas products and condensed phase products of eight non-ideal explosives exploded and produced in a confined explosion container were collected and analyzed by thermal analysis-mass spectrometry technology,Fourier infrared spectrometer,gas chromatograph analysis and X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The heat of detonation was calculated by Hess＇ s law and compared with the experimental value.Results show that under the condition of the detonation,the detonation products mainly are composed of gases N2,H2,CO2,H2O,CH4,CO and O2etc and solid compositions Al,Al2O3,AlCl3and C etc. With the increase of the positive oxygen balance,the generation quantities of N2,H2O,CO2,O2and HCl increase,while those of Al2O3,AlCl3,H2and CO increase firstly,and then decrease,The generation quantities of Al and C decrease. The measured heat of detonation of non-ideal explosive with oxygen-balance in the range of-22. 4% ^-29. 7%,is between8773 and 8813 J·g-1,and the relative error between theoretical and expermetal values is less than 1%,showing a good agreement.

关 键 词：物理化学 非理想炸药 热分解 爆炸产物 爆热 氧平衡 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]