政策否决、政体类型与比较政治:一项研究议程  

Policy Veto,Regime Classification and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda

作　　者：王礼鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学法政学院,副教授上海200234

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2014年第5期36-45,157,共10页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"当代中国政策制定过程中的否决与共识模式研究"(项目编号:11CZZ020);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目"当代中国政策过程中的政策否决问题研究"(项目编号:10YJC810046)的主要成果之一;上海师范大学重点学科"比较政治学";151人才计划等支持

摘　　要：政治发展道路的探索基于科学、严谨的政治知识生产。近年来兴起的否决者理论提供了一种比较政治研究的替代性框架。但是,该理论也存在孤立且静止地看待否决者、忽视纵向否决与历时性否决等不足,其政体观点也不够完善。改进的政策否决模型,沿袭否决者视角,但将否决者置于政策子系统之中,同时将纵向否决、历时性否决等融入其间,且基于改进的政策过程模型。政策否决模型可衍生出新的政体分类标准,即决策体制集权与分权、政策变迁速度、政策制定者产生方式、政策子系统的属性等。新的政体分类方法不仅可以破除仅仅基于民主选举、集权/分权等来划分政体的成见,而且为比较政治研究提供了新的分析框架。The research on the road of political development is based on the production of scientific and prudent political knowledge. In recent years,the newly rising theory of veto players provides an alternative framework to the research of comparative politics. However,there are a few shortcomings,namely observing veto player in an isolate and static way; ignoring vertical veto and diachronic veto and incomplete viewpoint on regime. In the improved mode of policy veto,on the basis of modified policy process framework,the writer agrees with the perspective of veto player but puts veto player into the policy subsystems; meanwhile the writhe integrates vertical veto and diachronic veto into it. Criterions of the classification of regime can derive from the policy veto mode,i. e. the centralization and separation of the power of the policymaking system,the speed of policy change,the way how policy- makers are picked out,the openness and closeness of the policy subsystems. The new way of regime classification not only sets aside the stereotype that classifyies regime according to election,centralization or separation of power,but provides a new framework for the research of comparative politics.

关 键 词：否决者 政策否决 政体类型 比较政治 研究议程 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学]