天津市一起诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发的调查与处置  

Investigation of a case of norovirus diarrhea outbreak in Tianjin

作　　者：陈茜[1] 解晓华[1] 周萍[1] 丁建清[1] 侯常春[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心突发办,天津300011

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2014年第3期250-252,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：天津市卫生局科技基金(2011KZ48)

摘　　要：目的调查天津市某社区于强降雨积水后发生一起腹泻暴发的原因并进行处置。方法于2012年7月对该社区疫情进行现场流行病学调查,并采集相应生物和环境样品进行检测,提出干预措施。结果本起腹泻暴发疫情造成78人发病,罹患率为4.23%(78/1 844)。其中以腹泻(100%)、腹痛(71.79%)为主,呕吐(29.49%)、发热(26.92%)、恶心(5.13%)比例较低;33份病例粪便标本中20份诺如病毒核酸阳性;蓄水池管网末梢水微生物指标超标。经及时采取有针对性的饮水消毒等措施后未见相应病例发生。结论本次疫情是一起因雨后积水污染水源引发的诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发,进一步提示了水源卫生防护和饮水消毒的重要性。Objective To investigate a case of diarrhea outbreak which happened in a community of Tianjin after the flood caused by rain storm. Methods A field epidemiological investigation was initiated in July, 2012; Related biological and environmental samples were collected and examined. Ways of intervention were proposed. Results The outbreak caused 78 cases of diarrhea, the attack rate was 4.23% （78/1 844）. The main symptoms were diarrhea （100%） and abdominal pain （71.79%）. Other symptoms included vomiting （29.49%）, fever （26.92%）, nausea （5.13%）. There were 20 cases of norovirus infection found in 33 cases of stool samples. The bacteriological index in water of the pipe network and the water reservoir was excessively higher. After taking targeted measures of water disinfection, there was no more related case. Conclusion The outbreak is norovirus-infective, which is caused by contaminated water after the rain storm. It shows the importance of protecting the cleanliness of water source and disinfection of drinking water.

关 键 词：水污染 腹泻 暴发 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]