四川丘陵旱地小麦机播技术配套耕作措施研究及综合评价分析  

Study on Matching Tillage Measures of Wheat Mechanical Sowing Technology and Its Comprehensive Evaluation in Sichuan Hilly Dryland Areas

作　　者：李金刚[1] 樊高琼[1] 汤永禄[2] 李朝苏[2] 吴春[2] 陈溢[1] 郭翔[3] 马宏亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [3]四川省农业气象中心,四川成都610071

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2014年第3期357-361,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家“十二·五”科技支撑计划项目(编号:2012BAD20B06-02);南方丘陵区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室开放课题;四川省育种攻关项目(编号:2011NZ0098-15-3);四川省学术带头人培养资金联合资助

摘　　要：为探索提高丘陵旱地小麦机播技术应用效果的农艺措施,分别在免耕、旋耕和翻耕条件下,设置秸秆覆盖和不覆盖,研究耕作措施对机播小麦播种质量、群体质量和产量的影响及其综合应用效果。结果表明,旋耕和翻耕的覆种效果好,断垄率和晾籽率低,但免耕的出苗率高,苗全;且免耕能促进小麦分蘖发生和有效穗形成,有较大的LAI,较高的生物产量和花后干物质积累,显著增产;秸秆覆盖能促进田间出苗,各群体质量指标均优于不覆盖,有显著的增产效应。综合指数分析表明,免耕+秸秆覆盖具有投入少、出苗质量好、群体质量优、产量高等优点,是四川丘陵旱地机播小麦适宜的配套耕作措施。In order to explore the agricultural measures that can improve the application effect of wheat mechanical sowing technology in hilly dryland region, the effects of three tillage （no tillage, rotary tillage, conventional tillage） and straw-mulching （no-straw-mulching was CK） on seedlings quality, population quality and yield, and its comprehensive application effect were investigated. The results indicated that the seeding quality of wheat mechanical sowing was better under rotary tillage and conventional tillage, and no tillage could improve the rate of field emergence. Compared with rotary tillage and conventional tillage, no tillage could promote the tillering and effective ears. What＇ s more, there were larger LAI, higher biomass production, more post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and yield significant increased under no tillage. Straw mulching could promote the rate of field emergence, and its each indices of population quality was superior to no straw mulching, so straw mulching had an obvious effect in increasing production. The analysis of composite index shows that, the combination of no tillage and straw mulching had many advantages, such as a fewer labour and material input, a better seedling emergence, the more reasonable population quality and higher yields etc. Based on these results, it was concluded that agricultural measures of no-tillage with straw mulching were recommended in Sichuan hilly dryland area.

关 键 词：耕作措施 丘陵旱地 小麦 机播技术 群体质量 综合评价 

分 类 号：S233.72[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S341.1[农业科学—农业工程]