高水平游泳运动员竞技年龄特征的研究  

Study on Characteristics of Competitive Age of Top Level Swimmers

作　　者：高捷[1] 陶旼[1] 许聪 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]北京市海淀区游泳青少年业余体校,北京100080

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2014年第3期258-264,共7页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：采用文献资料、数理统计法、逻辑分析法和案例分析法,以2003—2013年6届世界游泳锦标赛各项目进入前8名运动员的竞技年龄为研究对象,全面、辩证地研究分析高水平游泳运动员竞技年龄特征。研究发现:高水平游泳运动员竞技年龄在性别方面存在显著性差异,男子平均竞技年龄为(23.59±3.22)岁,女子平均竞技年龄为(22.09±3.60)岁,表现出高水平男子游泳运动员竞技年龄高于女子运动员。高水平游泳运动员竞技年龄在参赛距离方面存在差异,无论男女项目均表现出,短距离项目运动员平均竞技年龄明显大于中距离和长距离项目,并存在显著性差异,而中距离和长距离项目之间竞技年龄差异不大,两者不存在显著性差异。其中男子短距离项目最佳竞技年龄区间为(24.59±3.28)岁,中距离和长距离项目最佳竞技年龄区间分别为(22.83±2.9)岁和(22.27±2.8)岁。女子短距离项目最佳竞技年龄区间为(22.91±3.93)岁,中距离和长距离项目最佳竞技年龄区间分别为(21.28±2.94)岁和(21.64±3.59)岁。This study is focused on the statistical analysis of the ages of swimmers competing in the finals of the 6 World Swimming Championships from 2003 to 2013. The characteristics of competitive age of top level swimmers were comprehensively and dialectically analyzed. Methods of documentation, statistics and logical analysis were used. The result showed that there were significant differences between the genders of top level swimmers; the best competitive age for men＇s swimming is 23.59±3.22 and that for women＇s is 22. 09±3.60, with the ages for men＇s swimming elder than those for women＇s. Age differences were also found among top level swimmers of different distances. Study found that, for both genders, the competitive ages for short-distance swimmers were significantly elder than those for middle and long distance swimmers, and there were no significant differences between the competitive ages for middle and long distance swimmers. The best competitive ages for men＇s short-distance events are 24. 59±3. 28, and those for middle- and long-distance events are 22.83±2. 9 and 22. 27±2. 8 respectively; the best competitive ages for women＇s short-distance events are 22. 91±3. 93, and those for middle-and long-distance events are 21.28±2. 94 and 21.64±3.59 respectively.

关 键 词：高水平游泳运动员 世界游泳锦标赛 竞技年龄特征 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]