地面不同覆盖技术对库尔勒香梨园土壤温度的影响  

The Influence of Ground Coverage on Soil Temperature of Korla Fragrant Pear Orchard

作　　者：廖小龙[1] 廖康[1] 刘曼曼[1] 赵世荣[1] 贾杨[1] 王玉蓉[1] 孙琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第10期22-25,共4页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201304701);新疆维吾尔自治区林业科技专项资金资助项目;新疆维吾尔自治区果树学重点学科资助项目

摘　　要：以26年生梨树园为试验对象，设生草、覆草、覆地膜（覆膜）、覆遮阳网（覆网）、覆无纺布（覆布）5个处理，以清耕为对照，用ECH2O土壤监测系统，对不同深度土壤温度进行连续监测，分析和研究了覆盖技术对土壤温度的影响，以探索果园土壤管理技术，为进一步提高库尔勒香梨生产效率奠定基础。结果表明：果园地面各种覆盖方式均有调节土壤温度的效果，覆盖对土壤表层的土壤温度调节效果明显，土层越深土壤温度的调节作用越小；与清耕相比，覆膜的表层土壤平均温度高1．8℃，覆布、覆网、生草和覆草低0．3、0．6、1．7℃和2．1℃；0～20cm土层覆膜的温度高1．2℃，覆布和覆草分别低0．5℃和2．6℃；20-40cm土层温度覆膜的高1．8℃，覆草和覆布分别低2．3℃和0．3℃；40-60cm土层覆膜的高1．0℃，覆草和覆布分别低2．5℃和0．8℃；在浅层土壤昼夜温差依次生草〉清耕〉覆膜〉覆布〉覆网〉覆草，20-60cm土层各处理昼夜温差较小，在0．2～0．6℃之间，覆膜、覆布、覆网和覆草均可缩小土壤温差，防止土壤温度剧烈变化，其中覆草的土壤温度变幅较小。Taking the 26-year-old Korla fragrant pear orchard as research object, five treatments （growing grass, film mulching,covering non-woven fabric, covering sun-shade net, covering grass） were set, with clean tillage as CK, the temperature in different depths soil layer of orchard was continuously monitored by ECH20 soil system, and the management techniques of orchard soil and influence of cover on soil temperature were explored and analyzed ,in order to lay a foundation for further improving the production efficiency of the Korla fragrant pear. The results showed that all of the cover ways could regulate the soil temperature,especially on the soil surface,and the deeper of soil layer,the smaller of temperature regulation. Compared with clean tillage,average temperature of surface soil with film mulching was 1.8℃ higher,while which of covering non-woven fabric, covering sun-shade net,growing grass,covering grass were 0. 3℃, 0. 6℃; ,1.7℃ and 2. 1℃ lower,respectively;in depth of 0-20 cm soil layer,the temperature of film mulching was 1.2℃ higher, however which of covering non-woven fabric and covering grass were 0. 5℃ and 2. 6℃ lower, respectively; in the depth of 20-40 cm soil layer the temperature of film mulching was 1.8℃ higher,while which of covering grass and covering non-woven fabric were 2. 3℃ and 0. 3℃ lower, respectively;in terms of the depth of 40- 60 cm soil layer, the temperature of film mulching was 1.0＊C higher,and which of grass cover and covering non-woven fabric were 2. 5℃ and 0, 8℃ lower, respectively. The diurnal amplitude of shallow soil from big to small in turn were： growing grass〉 clean tillage〉film mulching〉covering non-woven fabric〉covering sun-shade net〉covering grass ,and the diurnal amplitude in the depth of 20-60 cm soil layer of all treatments were smaller,which were between 0. 2℃ and 0. 6℃ ,in a whole film mulching,covering non-woven fabric,covering sun-shade net,and covering grass all could reduce the diurnal amplitude of soil,and prevent

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨园 土壤覆盖 土壤温度 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]