不同降水年型休闲期耕作蓄水与旱地小麦籽粒蛋白质形成的关系  

Relationship Between Water Storage Conservation in Fallow Period and Grains Protein Formation in Dryland Wheat in Different Precipitation Years

作　　者：孙敏[1] 葛晓敏[1] 高志强[1] 任爱霞[1] 邓妍[1] 赵维峰[1] 赵红梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第9期1692-1704,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24);国家自然科学基金项目(31101112);山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2009037);山西省青年基金项目(2010021028-3)

摘　　要：【目的】中国旱地小麦常年降水量少且分配不均,如何蓄水保墒尤其是蓄积休闲期降水提高生育期土层水分含量,以供作物生长发育需要成为当前研究的热点。论文旨在探讨不同降水年型,休闲期耕作方式对土壤水分贮备水平、小麦籽粒产量和品质指标的影响,进而为有效利用一年一作旱地小麦休闲期降水,提高小麦籽粒产量,优化籽粒品质提供理论依据。【方法】于2009—2012年连续3年在山西闻喜县开展大田试验,以运旱20410为供试品种,设置休闲期深翻(深度25—30 cm,DT)、休闲期深松(深度30—40 cm,SS)、对照(休闲期不进行任何耕作处理,CK)3个水平,随机区组设计,研究休闲期深翻、深松对旱地冬小麦0—300 cm土层水分含量、籽粒蛋白质形成的影响。【结果】休闲期耕作较对照提高播种前0—300 cm土层蓄水量,枯水年提高63—91 mm,平水年提高41—70 mm,丰水年提高54—74 mm;休闲期耕作较对照显著提高小麦籽粒产量,枯水年提高981—1 330kg·hm-2,平水年提高883—1 089 kg·hm-2,丰水年提高1 256—1 457 kg·hm-2。且枯水年、平水年深翻效果较好,而丰水年深松效果较好。休闲期耕作较对照显著提高平水年、丰水年小麦花后旗叶谷氨酰合成酶(GS)活性、花后5—15 d旗叶谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性,显著提高不同降水年型籽粒GS、GOGAT活性。休闲期耕作较对照提高平水年、丰水年籽粒清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量、蛋白质含量,提高枯水年、丰水年谷醇比,提高不同降水年型籽粒蛋白质产量。休闲期深翻处理枯水年籽粒蛋白质产量,平水年籽粒清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量显著高于深松处理;休闲期深松处理丰水年籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、蛋白质产量、谷醇比显著高于深翻处理。不同降水年型休闲期耕作条件下,开花期土壤水分影响了旗叶GS、GOGAT活性,尤其是旗叶GS活性,�[Objectivel Rainfall during wheat growth period in dry land of China is less and uneven distribution, how to keep water conservation in fallow period to fulfill wheat production development in growing period is a hot spot of current research. This paper aimed at providing a theoretical basis for improving grain quality and yield based on improving soil moisture level, with the effective utilization of precipitation in fallow period. [ Method ] The experiment was carried out for 3 consecutive years （2009-2012） in Wenxi, Shanxi to study the effect of deep tillage and deep scarification in fallow period on soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm and grain protein formation. [Result] The results showed that soil water storage before sowing at the depth of 0-300 cm was improved in fallow period, and it was improved by 63-91 mm in dry year, by 41-70 mm in normal year and by 54-74 mm in humid year. The grain yield was significantly increased by tillage in fallow period, and it was improved by 981-1 330 kg·hm-2 in dry year, by 883-1 089 kg·hm-2 in normal year and by 1 256-1 457 kg·hm-2 in humid year. Deep tillage had better effects in dry and normal year, while deep scarification had better effects in humid year. Tillage in fallow period significantly improved the activity of glutamine synthetase （GS） and glutamate synthase （GOGAT） of post-anthesis 5-15 d in flag leaf in normal and humid year, and the activity of GS and GOGAT in grains under different rainfall years. It also improved grain albumin, gliadin, glutenin, protein content in normal and humid years, glu/gli in dry and humid year, and grain protein yield under different rainfall years. Grain protein yield in dry year and grain albumin, gliadin, protein content and yield in normal year under deep tillage in fallow period were significantly higher than the deep scarification in fallow period. Grain protein and its components content, protein yield and glu/gli in humid year under deep scarification significantly higher than deep tillage in fallow

关 键 词：旱地小麦 降水年型 休闲期耕作 土壤水分 氮代谢关键酶活性 相关性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]