设施栽培下不同灌溉处理对‘希姆劳特’植株生长及果实的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Treatments on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Himrod in Protected Cultivation

作　　者：李雅善[1] 李华[1,2,3] 王华[1,2,3] 南立军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省葡萄与葡萄酒工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学合阳葡萄试验示范站,陕西合阳715300

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第9期1784-1792,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD31B07);陕西省农业项目专项资金([2013]247号)

摘　　要：【目的】在水资源短缺问题日趋凸显及设施栽培不断发展的背景下,研究设施栽培条件下水资源的有效利用具有重要的实际意义。研究旨在通过测定、分析不同灌溉处理对鲜食葡萄植株生长及果实品质和产量的综合影响,以期筛选出最优的灌溉模式,为实际生产应用提供理论支撑。【方法】在设施栽培条件下,以鲜食葡萄品种‘希姆劳特’为试材,在葡萄生育期内,分别采用充分灌溉、部分根区干燥、生长前期及生长后期水分亏缺4种不同的灌溉处理对试验植株进行灌溉处理。在果实成熟期,通过分析不同灌溉处理对葡萄植株的副梢发生数量、叶片面积、茎粗、节间距、夏剪重量、粒径大小、穗长、穗重、粒重,果实还原糖、总酸、可溶性固形物、Vc、外观内质评分,叶片初始量子效率、光补偿点、光饱和点、暗呼吸速率、最大净光合速率、水分利用效率,叶水势和果实产量的影响,综合评定获得最优灌溉方式。【结果】与充分灌溉相比,部分根区干燥、前期水分亏缺、后期水分亏缺这3种水分亏缺方式均能降低葡萄植株的副梢发生数量、叶片面积、茎粗、节间距和夏剪重量,也能减少果粒的横径、纵径和粒重以及果穗的穗长和穗重,但提高了果实的还原糖、可溶性固形物和Vc;3种水分亏缺方式对果实的外观内质评分的影响有所差异,部分根区干燥和后期干旱均能显著提高评分,而前期干旱的评分则略低于充分灌溉;不同的水分亏缺方式都降低了葡萄叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,但提高了胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率;不同形式水分亏缺的条件下,葡萄叶片的初始量子效率、光补偿点和暗呼吸速率均高于充分灌溉,而最大净光合速率则低于充分灌溉;不同形式水分亏缺处理下的叶水势均低于充分灌溉;部分根区干燥和转色前水分亏缺处理均能显著地降�[ Objective] Under the background of severe shortage of water resource and continuous development of facility cultivation, there is of important practical significance for studying the efficient use of water resource under protected cultivation condition. Based on this reason, the objective of this article was theoretical support for actual production application. [Method] to select an optimal irrigation method and supply a substantial Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials. There were four different irrigation methods, including full irrigation, alternate partial root-zone irrigation, water deficit pre- or post-veraison irrigation methods, which were used for the grapevine. Then the effects of different irrigation methods on the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, particle size, length of cluster, weight of cluster, berry weight, fruit quality, photosynthetic parameter of leaf, water use efficiency, leaf water potential, and fruit yield were analyzed. Based on these analyses, the best irrigation method could be screened out through comprehensive assessment. [ Result] The three different patterns of water deficit could not only reduce the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, but also decrease berry length, berry width, berry weight, cluster length, and cluster weight. However, they increased reducing sugar, soluble solids, Vc of berry. The effects of different patterns of water deficit on scores internal quality of berry were different. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation and water deficit after veraison both enhanced the scores significantly, but water deficit during pre-veraison made the scores below the contrast treatment. Water deficit lowered the net photosynthetic, stomata/ conductance and transpiration rate of leaf, while increased the intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of it. In water deficit treatm

关 键 词：希姆劳特 部分根区干燥 调亏灌溉 光合特性 果实品质 产量 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]