海员心理健康状况和应付方式的影响因素及其相关性调查  

A Survey on the influencing factors and correlation between the seafarers' mental health statues and coping style

作　　者：卓锦雪[1] 陆勤[1] 高锦平[1] 张利纯[1] 李雪明[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东国际旅行卫生保健中心,广东广州510365

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年第2期94-97,118,共5页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

摘　　要：目的了解海员心理健康水平和应付方式的影响因素,以及心理健康与应付方式相关性。方法采用症状自评量表和应付方式问卷方式,了解海员心理健康水平及应付方式。结果海员人群在出海前阶段,心理健康水平与对照组无显著差异。高中学历海员心理健康水平较低,初中学历海员心理健康水平高于高中、中专、大专、本科学历组(P<0.01),不同年龄组间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着出海年限的增加,海员心理健康水平逐渐下降。离婚海员心理健康水平低于已婚和未婚组,独生子与非独生子组心理健康水平无差异(P>0.05)。海员各种心理症状与自责、幻想、恐怖、合理化呈显著正相关,与解决问题和求助两项应付方式呈负相关。结论海员情绪与行为密切相关,对年龄偏大、长期密集出海、家庭出现矛盾的海员应给予特别关注。Objective To understand the influencing factors of seafarers＇ mental health level and coping style, and to find the correlation between mental health and coping style. Methods Symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） and Coping Style Questionnaire （CSC） were distributed to the seafarers in order to understand the mental health status and characteristics. Results It＇s no significant difference of the mental health level between the seafarer group and the control group. Among the five groups which were separated by the educational background （graduated from junior high school, senior high school, technical secondary school, junior college and undergraduate school）, the senior high school group presents the lowest mental health level, whereas the junior＇ s group presents the highest mental health level （P〈0.01）. It＇ s no significant differenee among the different age groups. The level of seafarers＇ mental health gradually declined with the increasing years practicing on sea. Mental health level of the divorced group was lower comparing with the groups of married and the unmarried. There＇ s no significant difference of mental health level between the only-child group and the non-only-child group （P〉0.5）. There was significant positive correlation between the score of various mental symptom factor and self- accusation, fantasy, avoidance, rationalization, and negative correlation between the score of various mental symptom factor and solving problem and asking for help. Conclusion Seafarers＇ emotion and behavior are closely related, we should pay attention to the seafarers who are older, multiple and long-term on sea, as well as those with family problems.

关 键 词：海员 心理健康 应付方式 相关性 影响因素 调查 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]