青海高原春小麦光合日变化及水分利用效率比较  

Comparison between on Diurnal Photosynthesis Changes and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat Varieties in Qinghai Plateau

作　　者：权文利[1,2] 刘莉[1,2] 连利叶 沈迎芳[1,2] 王海庆[1] 陈志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青海省水利水电科学研究所,西宁810001

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第4期9-15,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家农业科技技术成果转化资金(2011GB24910002);国家水利部"948""植物节水体系研究技术引进"项目(201223);中国科学院科技支新项目(XBXJ-2011-030);青海省作物分子育种重点实验室资助

摘　　要：为研究青海高原特殊生态环境中不同生态类型春小麦品种的光合日变化,探究光合速率一天中降低的主要限制因素,比较水分利用效率、产量及其构成因素等在不同品种间的差异,本试验在大田条件下,对3个春小麦品种的旗叶光合生理指标和农艺性状等进行测定。结果表明,3个品种有或轻微有光合"午休"现象。气孔限制是光合速率中午降低的主要因素;非气孔限制是光合速率下午降低的主要因素。高原437(水旱地兼用品种)日平均净光合速率最高(14.7μmol·m-2·s-1),但蒸腾速率较大(8.3μmol·m-2·s-1),水分利用效率较低(1.82mg·g-1);互麦11(旱地品种)日平均净光合速率、蒸腾速率次之,分别为14.1和8.1μmol·m-2·s-1,但其水分利用效率较高,为1.91mg·g-1,这说明互麦11可以利用较少的水分获得较多的光合产物;青春533(水地品种)日平均净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率都最低,分别为13.8μmol·m-2·s-1、7.8μmol·m-2·s-1和1.79mg·g-1。除穗粒质量外,品种间产量和其他构成因素差异不显著。In order to research diurnal changes of photosynthesis and determine the main factor（s） limiting the reduction of photosynthetic rate （Pn）, comparing the differences of water use efficiency （WUE）, yield and its components and so on among three different spring wheat varieties in Qinghai plateau, three cultivars, Humai11, Gaoyuan 437 and Qingchun 533, were studied under the field con dition. The results showed that Humai 11 and Qingchun 533 had apparent ＂noon break＂ phenomenon; Gaoyuan 437 had unapparent ＂noon break＂ phenomenon. For all the three varieties, stomatal limitation was the main factor accounting for Pn falling at noon; non-stomatal limitation was the reason for the reduction of Pn in the afternoon. Gaoyuan437 had the biggest daily mean of Pn（14.1 μmol · m-2· s-1）, and the transpiration rate （Tr, 8.3 μmol· m-2· s-1）, and lower WUE （1.82 mg · g-1）. Humai11had the daily mean of Pn 14.1 /μmol · m -2 . s-1 and Tr 8.1μmol · m-2·s-1 , WUE 1.91 mg · g-1 , which implied that Humaill could make more photosynthetic products with less water. Qingchun 533 had thelowestPn（13.8μmol·m-2 · s -1） andTr（7.8μmolo ·m -2 · s-1）, WUE （1.79 mg. g-1）. In addition, except for kernel mass per ear, yield and other components was not detected significantly differences among varieties.

关 键 词：青海高原 春小麦 光合作用日变化 “午休” 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]